Question

1. Mention fundamental differences from the Auto Pilot system, Stability Augmentation System, and Command Augmentation System?

2. State the fundamental differences between the Hydro-mechanical Assisted Control System and the Hydro-mechanical Powered Control System?

please this answer

Answer 1

Ans 1a)

Autopilot System : An autopilot is a framework used to control the direction of an airplane, marine specialty or rocket without requiring consistent manual control by a human administrator. Autopilot doesn't supplant human administrators. An autopilot is a flight control framework that permits a pilot to fly a plane without persistent hands-on control of the plane.

An autoflight framework works by imparting signs to the flight control framework. The pilot inputs what kind of mode they need, similar to a heading hold mode or a height hold mode. A two-pivot autopilot controls an airplane in the pitch hub just as roll. A three-pivot autopilot includes control in the yaw hub and isn't required in numerous little airplane .

Stability Augmentation System : A stability growth framework (SAS) is another kind of programmed flight control framework; be that as it may, rather than keeping up the airplane on a foreordained demeanor or flight way, the SAS will incite the airplane flight controls to hose out airplane pounding paying little mind to the mentality or flight way.

SAS can consequently balance out the airplane in at least one tomahawks. The most widely recognized kind of SAS is the yaw damper which is utilized to dispose of the Dutch move inclination of cleared wing airplane. Some yaw dampers are basic to the autopilot framework while others are independent frameworks. Soundness enlargement frameworks (SAS) were the main input control framework plans proposed to improve dynamic security qualities of an airplane.

It is likewise alluded as dampers, stabilizers, and strength augmenters.Aircraft, for example, the F-104, T-37, T-38, and F-4 had SAS. These frameworks for the most part criticism an airplane movement parameter,such as pitch rate, to give a control avoidance that contradicted the movement and expanded damping qualities.

The SAS must be coordinated with the essential mechanical control systemof the airplane comprising of the stick, pushrods, links, and bellcranksleading to the control surface or the water driven actuator that enacted the control surface. The control authority (level of full surface redirection accessible) of SAS was commonly restricted to about 10%. One issue with SAS was the way that the criticism circle gave acommand that restricted pilot control inputs. Subsequently, the airplane turned out to be less responsive for a given stick input.

This was ordinarily tended to with the expansion of a waste of time channel in thefeedback circle that constricted the criticism signal for steady estimations of the airplane movement boundary . This old style framework depiction accept a plane with mechanical flying controls to which the EFCS associates by means of the servo-actuator. the basic component of the SAS is the control law . the rest of the segments are the fundamental side-effects of its execution. Clamor separating is regularly required to expel undesirable data from sensor yields.

Autopilot and dependability growth frameworks regularly utilized on airplane utilize sensors including magnetometers, accelerometers, and whirligigs to give data on the vehicle movement.

Command Augmentation System : The following stage in the development of airplane input control framework was Command enlargement frameworks (CAS).

With a CAS, a pilot stick input is given to the flight control framework intwo ways * Through the mechanical framework * Through the CAS electrical way. The CAS configuration wiped out the SAS issue of pilot inputs being restricted by the criticism circle. Airplane, for example, the A-7, F-111, F-14, and F-15 have CAS .

Extra unwavering quality was structured into CAS with the goal that the control authority could be expanded (to roughly half). With a CAS, the airplane dynamic reaction is commonly all around damped, and control reaction is planned with the control framework additions to keep up attractive attributes all through the flight envelope.

CAS gave sensational upgrades in airplane taking care of characteristics. Both powerful soundness and control reaction attributes could be custom-made and advanced to the crucial the airplane.

Ans b )

The unpredictability and weight of mechanical flight control frameworks increment impressively with the size and execution of the airplane. Powerfully controlled control surfaces help to beat these constraints. With water powered flight control frameworks, the airplane's size and execution are constrained by financial matters as opposed to a pilot's solid quality.

From the outset, just incompletely supported frameworks were utilized in which the pilot could in any case feel a portion of the streamlined burdens on the control surfaces A hydro-mechanical flight control framework has two sections: The mechanical circuit, which interfaces the cockpit controls with the water powered circuits. Like the mechanical flight control framework, it comprises of bars, links, pulleys, and in some cases chains. The pressure driven circuit, which has water powered siphons, repositories, channels, funnels, valves and actuators.

The actuators are fueled by the water driven weight created by the siphons in the pressure driven circuit. The actuators convert water powered weight into control surface developments. The electro-water powered servo valves control the development of the actuators. The pilot's development of a control makes the mechanical circuit open the coordinating servo valve in the water powered circuit.

The water powered circuit controls the actuators which at that point move the control surfaces. As the actuator moves, the servo valve is shut by a mechanical input linkage - one that stops development of the control surface at the ideal position. This course of action was found in the more established planned fly vehicles and in some superior airplane. Models incorporate the Antonov A 225 and the Lockheed SR-71.