Question

In: Psychology

1. During ancient times people often attributed mental illness to: diet evil spirts poor attachment germs...

1. During ancient times people often attributed mental illness to:
diet
evil spirts
poor attachment
germs
2. _____, a physician, is credited for efforts to reform mental institutions, encouraging the documentation of case history, treatment notes, and labels for psychological illnesses.
Freud
Rodgers
Pinel
Ellis
3.

The term ____ BEST describes the use of medication and medical procedure that treat psychological problems by directly changing the biology of the brain.

commitment
psychopharmacology
psychotherapy
biomedical therapy
4. Characteristics commonly associated with those who enter psychotherapy include all EXCEPT:
above-average income
minimal education
middle-aged
female
5. All of these are behavioral therapy techniques EXCEPT:
token economy.
systematic desensitization.
aversive conditioning.
meditation.
6. Which two therapy approaches tend to be short-term?
cognitive and behavioral
humanistic and psychodynamic
humanistic and cognitive
psychodynamic and behavioral
7. MOST therapy groups include between _____ people.
twelve and fifteen
five and ten
eight and twelve
two and six
8. The primary goal of family therapy is to:
promote collectivistic family dynamics.
improve how family systems function in order to benefit its members.
gather information about the person of concern for more effective treatment.
holistically address the person or problem from which the dysfunction stems.
9. Which of these is LEAST likely to be used as part of family therapy sessions?
cognitive restructuring
deep brain stimulation
psychodynamic interventions
person-centered goals
10. Effectiveness studies typically demonstrate how well psychotherapy works in:
sessions with voluntary motivated clients.
sessions with court order or involuntary clients.
typical treatment settings such as clinics.
controlled situations or lab environments.
11. Yahaira and Hillary are both diagnosed with depression. They are both college educated, of comparable age, and experience similar family dynamics. Based on research, which of these statements MOST accurately predicts psychotherapy outcomes?

Hillary, who engages in motivational interviewing, will benefit more than Yahaira who receives rational-emotive therapy.

Yahaira, who engages in person-centered therapy, will benefit more than Hillary who receives psychodynamic therapy.

Both Yahaira and Hillary are likely to benefit from psychotherapy regardless of therapeutic approach.
Both Yahaira and Hillary will benefit if they both receive medications.
12. Yoko is participating in psychotherapy. Initially she was fearful of the process, worried that the therapist would judge her negatively, and reluctant to ask questions. After a few sessions with the therapist, Yoko has discovered that her opinions are valued and she is responsible for contributing to the establishment of treatment goals. She is surprised by the trust that she has established with the therapist. Yoko's experiences BEST illustrates the principal of:
cognitive distortion.
therapeutic alliance.
transference.
flooding.
13.

Wilhelm is a therapist in a diverse community. He frequently works with clients who are Greek and Somalian. Wilhelm is sensitive to, and knowledgeable of, the impact of the heritage, norms, and traditions of the clients he serves. The skill that Wilhelm possesses when working with clients in a diverse community is MOST commonly known as:

reflection.
cultural competence.
unconditional positive regard.
transference.
14. Dione is a devout Seventh Day Adventist who has been working with Margret, a Catholic therapist. Margret meets with clients in the evenings. When scheduling appointments with Dione, Margret is mindful of the Seventh Day Adventist Sabbath, which begins at sundown on Friday. Margret's awareness of Dione's religious observance BEST illustrates the concept of:
cultural competence.
unconditional positive regard.
reflection.
transference.
15.

Bart, a psychology student, was raised in the Catholic church. The tenents of his faith prohibit abortion. During his training practicum Bart was assigned to a pregnant client who was considering an abortion. Bart recognized that his perspective on the issue of abortion is different than that of his client. Bart's awareness of this dynamic and its potential impact in the therapeutic process BEST illustrates:

therapeutic alliance.
cultural autonomy.
ethical misconduct.
cultural self-awareness.
16.

Akio is a therapist treating a rape victim. The client reveals that he has located the assailant and discloses a plan to injure or kill the assailant in order to prevent other rapes. Akio values ethical practice and would MOST likely:

warn anyone who may be at risk.
seek to have the client committed.
maintain confidentiality.
have the client sign a behavior contract.
17. Dr. Jones is a trained industrial and organizational psychologist. She has worked with large corporations for her entire career. As Dr. Jones approaches retirement, she decides to take a part-time consulting position where she administers and interprets IQ and personality assessments for residents of a youth group home. The scenario BEST illustrates the ethical issue of:
multiple relationships.
informed consent.
boundaries of competence.
confidentiality.
18. Jason is a psychologist. While attending a parent teacher conference for his child, the teacher expresses a desire to schedule martial therapy with Jason. Based on the information provided, which ethical issue is of MOST concern?
confidentiality
multiple relationships
boundaries of competence
cultural competence
19. Cybertherapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy in that it:

relies on software programs or artificial intelligence.

is not subject to the same ethical standards.
is facilitated solely by videoconferencing.
takes place via technological devices and the internet.
20.

Weaknesses of cybertherapy include all EXCEPT:

the higher cost as compared to typical psychotherapy
the risk of clients engaging the services of illegitimate therapists
therapists may lack the technological skills and acumen
lost capacity for understanding emotional state during communication
21. Sebastian has a fear of spiders (arachnophobia). After mastering some relaxation techniques, Sebastian is exposed to computer-generated images of spiders. The presentation of the spider images increase in proximity and intensity until Sebastian no longer responds with fear. The treatment used to treat Sebastian is BEST described as _____ therapy.
virtual reality exposure
humanistic
psychodynamic
cognitive
22. Medications prescribed to reduce the frequency and intensity of delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior are collectively known as _____ drugs.
antipsychotics
antianxiety
antidepressants
mood stabilizing
23. Martha, who received counseling many years ago for a gambling addiction, was recently diagnosed with anxiety. Martha has misgivings about taking antianxiety medications as part of the treatment for anxiety. Which is the MOST plausible explanation for Martha's misgivings?
some people become addicted to antianxiety medications
taking the medication would require admission to a hospital
she believes that changing her diet would be more effective
her impulse to gamble may increase
24. Lithium is a common mood stabilizer prescribed for the treatment of:
obsessive compulsive disorder.
depression.
bipolar disorder.
schizophrenia.

Solutions

Expert Solution

1) During ancient times people attributed the mental illness to evil spirits. Evil spirits are the distortions of the thinking in the brain that disturb the mental perception in a person suffering from the brain ailments.

2)Pinel , a physician, is credited for efforts to reform mental institutions, encouraging the documentation of case history, treatment notes, and labels for psychological illnesses.

3)The term psychotherapy BEST describes the use of medication and medical procedure that treat psychological problems by directly changing the biology of the brain. Psychotherapy is effective for treating mental illness and abnormalities in the patients with effective counseling sessions for reducing stress, anxiety and depression in a patient.

4)Characteristics commonly associated with those who enter psychotherapy include all EXCEPT above average income.

5)All of these are behavioral therapy except meditation.

6)Two short term approaches for therapy are cognitive and behavioral therapy.   Short term therapy is used for treating communication problems and depression related problems in the patients. There total sessions include about 12 sessions.

7)MOST therapy groups include between five to ten people.

8)The primary goal of family therapy is to: holistically address the person or problem from which the dysfunction stems. In the family therapy there is effective communication with the parents to understand the problems of their children in the daily routine family. The behavior of the different family members is studied in detail to understand the relationships that are leading to the mental problem in the children in the different families.

9) Deep brain stimulation is least likely to be a part of the family therapy.

10)Effectiveness studies typically demonstrate how well psychotherapy works in: typical treatment settings like the clinic setting.

11)Yahaira and Hillary are both diagnosed with depression. They are both college educated, of comparable age, and experience similar family dynamics. Based on research, which of these statements MOST accurately predicts psychotherapy outcomes? Both Yahaira and Hillary are likely to benefit from psychotherapy regardless of therapeutic approach.

12)Yoko is participating in psychotherapy. Initially she was fearful of the process, worried that the therapist would judge her negatively, and reluctant to ask questions. After a few sessions with the therapist, Yoko has discovered that her opinions are valued and she is responsible for contributing to the establishment of treatment goals. She is surprised by the trust that she has established with the therapist. Yoko's experiences BEST illustrates the principal of therapeutic alliance. Various factors are studied in the therapeutic alliance like the negative or positive transference, working together in an office, contracts and the different amounts of freedom and bonds provided while working in a job or performing some work. These problems are discussed by the patient with a psychotherapist by developing a relationship and an alliance network.

13)Wilhelm is a therapist in a diverse community. He frequently works with clients who are Greek and Somalian. Wilhelm is sensitive to, and knowledgeable of, the impact of the heritage, norms, and traditions of the clients he serves. The skill that Wilhelm possesses when working with clients in a diverse community is MOST commonly known as cultural alliance.   Cultural competence is required while working with people belonging to diverse cultural background, tradition and heritage.

14)Dione is a devout Seventh Day Adventist who has been working with Margret, a Catholic therapist. Margret meets with clients in the evenings. When scheduling appointments with Dione, Margret is mindful of the Seventh Day Adventist Sabbath, which begins at sundown on Friday. Margret's awareness of Dione's religious observance BEST illustrates the concept of cultural competence.

15) Bart, a psychology student, was raised in the Catholic church. The tenents of his faith prohibit abortion. During his training practicum Bart was assigned to a pregnant client who was considering an abortion. Bart recognized that his perspective on the issue of abortion is different than that of his client. Bart's awareness of this dynamic and its potential impact in the therapeutic process BEST illustrates: cultural self-awareness.

16)Akio is a therapist treating a rape victim. The client reveals that he has located the assailant and discloses a plan to injure or kill the assailant in order to prevent other rapes. Akio values ethical practice and would MOST likely: warm anyone who may be at risk.

17)Dr. Jones is a trained industrial and organizational psychologist. She has worked with large corporations for her entire career. As Dr. Jones approaches retirement, she decides to take a part-time consulting position where she administers and interprets IQ and personality assessments for residents of a youth group home. The scenario BEST illustrates the ethical issue of: boundaries of competence.

18)Jason is a psychologist. While attending a parent teacher conference for his child, the teacher expresses a desire to schedule martial therapy with Jason. Based on the information provided, which ethical issue is of MOST concern? multiple relationships.

19)Cybertherapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy in that it: takes place via technological devices and the internet. Cyberthrapy is an essential treatment that requires the use of internet with virtual images for treating the patients suffering from different emotional and mental disorders. Visual illusions of different objects are provided to check their response and behavior towards a specific stimulus present in the environment.

20)Weaknesses of cybertherapy include all EXCEPT: the higher cost as compared to typical psychotherapy.

21)Sebastian has a fear of spiders (arachnophobia). After mastering some relaxation techniques, Sebastian is exposed to computer-generated images of spiders. The presentation of the spider images increase in proximity and intensity until Sebastian no longer responds with fear. The treatment used to treat Sebastian is BEST described as virtual-reality exposure therapy.

22)Medications prescribed to reduce the frequency and intensity of delusions, hallucinations, and bizarre behavior are collectively known as antipsychotics drugs.

23) Martha, who received counseling many years ago for a gambling addiction, was recently diagnosed with anxiety. Martha has misgivings about taking antianxiety medications as part of the treatment for anxiety. Which is the MOST plausible explanation for Martha's misgivings . Some people become addicted to anti-anxiety medications.

24)Lithium is a common mood stabilizer prescribed for the treatment of: bipolar disorder.


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