Question

microstrip antenna shape 4 elements array antenna in matlab code for that.

if you know then only do or else leave for other.

Electrical engineering antenna

Answer 1

%*******************************************************************

% MICROSTRIP

%*******************************************************************

% THIS PROGRAM IS A MATLAB PROGRAM THAT DESIGNS AND THEN COMPUTES THE

% ANTENNA RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF:

%

% I. RECTANGULAR

% II. CIRCULAR

%

% MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNAS BASED ON THE CAVITY MODEL AND DOMINANT

% MODE OPERATION FOR EACH. THAT IS:

%

% A. TM(010) MODE FOR THE RECTANGULAR PATCH

% B. TM(011) MODE FOR THE CIRCULAR PATCH

%

% ** INPUT PARAMETERS

% 1. FREQ = RESONANT FREQUENCY (in GHz)

% 2. EPSR = DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE SUBSTRATE

% 3. HEIGHT = HEIGHT OF THE SUBSTRATE (in cm)

% 4. Y0 = POSITION OF THE RECESSED FEED POINT (in cm)

% RELATIVE TO LEADING RADIATING EDGE OF RECTANGULAR

% PATCH. NOT NECESSARY FOR CIRCULAR PATCH.

%

% ** OUTPUT PARAMETERS

% A. RECTANGULAR PATCH:

%

% 1. PHYSICAL WIDTH OF THE PATCH W (in cm)

% 2. EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF PATCH Le (in cm)

% 3. PHYSICAL LENGTH OF PATCH L (in cm)

% 4. NORMALIZED E-PLANE AMPLITUDE PATTERN (in dB)

% 5. NORMALIZED H-PLANE AMPLITUDE PATTERN (in dB)

% 6. E-PLANE HALF-POWER BEAMWIDTH (in degrees)

% 7. H-PLANE HALF-POWER BEAMWIDTH (in degrees)  

% 8. DIRECTIVITY (dimensionless and in dB)

% 9. RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE (in ohms)

% a. AT LEADING RADIATING EDGE (y = 0)

% b. AT RECESSED FEED POINT FROM LEADING RADIATING EDGE

% (y = yo)

%

% B. CIRCULAR PATCH:

%

% 1. PHYSICAL RADIUS OF THE PATCH a (in cm)

% 2. EFFECTIVE RADIUS OF THE PATCH ae (in cm)

% 3. NORMALIZED E-PLANE AMPLITUDE (in dB)

% 4. NORMALIZED H-PLANE AMPLITUDE (in dB)

% 5. E-PLANE HALF-POWER BEAMWIDTH (in degrees)

% 6. H-PLANE HALF-POWER BEAMWIDTH (in degrees)

% 7. DIRECTIVITY (dimensionless and in dB)

%

%*******************************************************************

% Programmed by : Sung-Woo Lee , Arizona State University

% Modified by : Zhiyong Huang, Arizona State University

% Nov. 23, 2004

%*******************************************************************

function []=MICROSTP;

clear all;

close all;

warning off;

option=[];

while isempty(option)|(option~=1&option~=2),

option=input(['SELECT OUTPUT METHOD\n',' OPTION (1): SCREEN\n',' OPTION (2): OUTPUT FILE\n', ...

'SELECT OPTION: ']);

end;   

filename=[];

if option==2,

while isempty(filename),

filename=input('INPUT THE DESIRED OUTPUT FILENAME <in single quotes> = ','s');

end;

end;

addpath(pwd);

if exist(filename,'file')&isa(filename,'char'),

delete(filename);

end;

rmpath(pwd);

patchm=[];

while isempty(patchm)|((patchm~=1)&(patchm~=2)),

patchm=input(['PATCH GEOMETRY OPTION\n',' OPTION (1) : RECTANGULAR PATCH\n', ...

' OPTION (2) : CIRCULAR PATCH\n','SELECT OPTION NUMBER: ']);

end;

if (patchm==1), % Rectangular

rect(option,filename);

else % Circular   

circ(option,filename);

end;

warning on;

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

function rect=rect(option_a,filename);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Input Parameters (freq, epsr, height, Yo)

freq=[];

while isempty(freq),

freq=input('INPUT THE RESONANT FREQUENCY (in GHz) = ');

end;

er=[];

while isempty(er),

er=input('INPUT THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE SUBSTRATE = ');

end;

h=[];

while isempty(h),

h=input('INPUT THE HEIGHT OF THE SUBSTRATE (in cm) = ');

end;

option1=[];

while isempty(option1)|(option1~=1&option1~=2),

option1=input(['OPTIONS \n',' OPTION (1): FIND INPUT IMPEDANCE Zin AT FEED-POINT Yo \n', ...

' OPTION (2): DETERMINE Yo FOR A GIVEN DESIRED Zin \n', ...

'SELE1CT OPTION NUMBER: ']);

end;

if option1==1

Yo=[];

while isempty(Yo),

Yo=input(['\nINPUT THE POSITION OF THE RECESSED FEED POINT ' ...

'RELATIVE TO THE LEADING RADIATING EDGE\n' 'OF THE RECTANGULAR PATCH (in cm) = ']);

  

end

else

Zin=[];

while isempty(Zin),

Zin=input(['INPUT THE DESIRED INPUT IMPEDANCE Zin (in ohms) = ']);

end

end

% Compute W, ereff, Leff, L (in cm)

W=30.0/(2.0*freq)*sqrt(2.0/(er+1.0));

ereff=(er+1.0)/2.0+(er-1)/(2.0*sqrt(1.0+12.0*h/W));

dl=0.412*h*((ereff+0.3)*(W/h+0.264))/((ereff-0.258)*(W/h+0.8));

lambda_o=30.0/freq;

lambda=30.0/(freq*sqrt(ereff));

Leff=30.0/(2.0*freq*sqrt(ereff));

L=Leff-2.0*dl;

ko=2.0*pi/lambda_o;

Emax=sinc(h*ko/2.0/pi);

% Normalized radiated field

% E-plane pattern : 0 < phi < 90 ; 270 < phi < 360

% H-plane pattern : 0 < th < 180

phi=0:360; phir=phi.*pi./180; [Ethval,Eth]=E_th(phir,h,ko,Leff,Emax);

th=0:360; thr=th.*pi/180.0; [Ephval,Eph1]=E_ph(thr,h,ko,W,Emax);

Eph(1:91)=Eph1(91:181); Eph(91:270)=Eph1(181); Eph(271:361)=Eph1(1:91);

% Output files

fid_e=fopen('Epl-Micr_m.dat','wt');

fid_h=fopen('Hpl-Micr_m.dat','wt');

fprintf(fid_e,'# E-PLANE RADIATION PATTERN\n');

fprintf(fid_e,'# -------------------------\n#\n');

fprintf(fid_h,'# H-PLANE RADIATION PATTERN\n');

fprintf(fid_h,'# NOTE: THIS PATTERN IS ROTATED CCW BY 90 DEGREES\n');

fprintf(fid_h,'# -------------------------\n#\n');

Epl=[phi;Eth];

fprintf(fid_e,' %7.4f\t%7.4f\n',Epl);

fclose(fid_e);

Hpl=[[0:90 270:360];[Eph(1:91) Eph(271:361)]];

fprintf(fid_h,' %7.4f\t%7.4f\n',Hpl);

fclose(fid_h);

% Plots of Radiation Patterns

% Figure 1

% ********

Etheta=[Eth(271:361),Eth(2:91)];

xs=[0 20 40 60 80 90 100 120 140 160 180];

xsl=[270 290 310 330 350 0 10 30 50 70 90];

hli1=plot(Etheta,'b-');

set(gca,'Xtick',xs);

set(gca,'Xticklabel',xsl);

set(gca,'position',[0.13 0.11 0.775 0.8]);

h1=gca; h2=copyobj(h1,gcf);

xlim([0 180]);ylim([-60 0]);

set(h1,'xcolor',[0 0 1]); set(hli1,'erasemode','xor'); hx=xlabel('\phi (degrees)','fontsize',12);

axes(h2); hli2=plot(Eph1,'r:'); axis([0 180 -60 0]);

set(h2,'xaxislocation','top','xcolor',[1 0 0]);

legend([hli1 hli2],{'E_{\phi} (E-plane)','E_{\phi} (H-plane)'},4);

xlabel('\theta (degrees)','fontsize',12);

set([hli1 hli2],'linewidth',2); set(hx,'erasemode','xor');

ylabel('Radiation patterns (in dB)','fontsize',12);

% title('E- and H-plane Patterns of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna','fontsize',[12]);

% Figure 2

% ********

figure(2);

hp1=semipolar_micror(phir,Eth,-60,0,4,'-','b'); hold on;

hp2=semipolar_micror(phi*pi/180,Eph,-60,0,4,':','r');

title('E- and H-plane Patterns of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna','fontsize',[12]);

hle=legend([hp1 hp2],{'E_{\phi} (E-plane)','E_{\phi} (H-plane)'},0);

% E-plane HPBW and H-plane HPBW

% ******************************

an=phi(Eth>-3);

an(an>90)=[];

EHPBW=2*abs(max(an));

HHPBW=2*abs(90-min(th(Eph1>-3)));

% Directivity

[D,DdB]=dir_rect(W,h,Leff,L,ko);

% Input Impedance at Y=0 and Y=Yo

[G1,G12]=sintegr(W,L,ko);

Rin0P=(2.*(G1+G12))^-1;

Rin0M=(2.*(G1-G12))^-1;

if option1==1

RinYoP=Rin0P*cos(pi*Yo/L)^2;

RinYoM=Rin0M*cos(pi*Yo/L)^2;

else

YP=acos(sqrt(Zin/Rin0P))*L/pi;

YM=acos(sqrt(Zin/Rin0M))*L/pi;

end

% Display (rectangular)

clc;

if(option_a==2)

diary(filename);

end

disp(strvcat('INPUT PARAMETERS','================'));

disp(sprintf('\nRESONANT FREQUENCY (in GHz) = %4.4f',freq));

disp(sprintf('DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE SUBSTRATE = %4.4f',er));

disp(sprintf('HEIGHT OF THE SUBSTRATE (in cm) = %4.4f',h));

if option1==1

disp(sprintf('POSITION OF THE RECESSED FEED POINT (in cm) = %4.4f\n',Yo));

else

fprintf('DESIRED RESONANT INPUT INPEDANCE (in ohms) = %4.4f\n', Zin);

end

disp(strvcat('OUTPUT PARAMETERS','================='));

disp(sprintf('\nPHYSICAL WIDTH OF PATCH (in cm) = %4.4f',W));

disp(sprintf('EFFECTIVE LENGH OF PATCH (in cm) = %4.4f',Leff));

disp(sprintf('PHYSICAL LENGH OF PATCH (in cm) = %4.4f',L));

disp(sprintf('E-PLANE HPBW (in degrees) = %4.4f',EHPBW));

disp(sprintf('H-PLANE HPBW (in degrees) = %4.4f',HHPBW));

disp(sprintf('DIRECTIVITY OF RECTANGULAR PATCH (dimensionless) = %4.4f',D));

disp(sprintf('DIRECTIVITY OF RECTANGULAR PATCH (in dB) = %4.4f\n',DdB));

disp(sprintf('G1 (Using (14-12)) = %4.8f', G1));

disp(sprintf('G12 (Using (14-18a)) = %4.8f\n', G12));

disp(sprintf('RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE AT LEADING RADIATING EDGE (y=0) Rin0P (Using + sign in (14-17)) = %4.4f ohms',Rin0P));

disp(sprintf('RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE AT LEADING RADIATING EDGE (y=0) Rin0M (Using - sign in (14-17)) = %4.4f ohms\n',Rin0M));

if option1==1

fprintf('RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE AT RECESSED FEED POINT (y=%4.4f cm) RinYoP (Using + sign in (14-17)) = %4.4f ohms\n',Yo, RinYoP);

fprintf('RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE AT RECESSED FEED POINT (y=%4.4f cm) RinYoM (Using - sign in (14-17)) = %4.4f ohms\n\n',Yo, RinYoM);

else

fprintf('FOR DESIRED IMPENDANCE %4.4f ohms, THE FEED POINT POSITION YoP (Using + sign in (14-17)) = %4.4f cm\n',Zin, YP);

fprintf('FOR DESIRED IMPENDANCE %4.4f ohms, THE FEED POINT POSITION YoM (Using - sign in (14-17)) = %4.4f cm\n\n',Zin, YM);

end

disp(strvcat('*** NOTE:',...

' THE E-PLANE AMPLITUDE PATTERN IS STORED IN Epl-Micr_m.dat',...

' THE H-PLANE AMPLITUDE PATTERN IS STORED IN Hpl-Micr_m.dat',...

' ========================================================='));

diary off;

% Subfunctions

% ************

function [Ethval,Eth]=E_th(phir,h,ko,Leff,Emax)

ARG=cos(phir).*h.*ko./2;

Ethval=(sinc(ARG./pi).*cos(sin(phir).*ko*Leff./2))./Emax;

Eth=20*log10(abs(Ethval));

Eth(phir>pi/2&phir<3*pi/2)=-60;

Eth(Eth<=-60)=-60;

function [Ephval,Eph1]=E_ph(thr,h,ko,W,Emax)

ARG1=sin(thr).*h.*ko./2;

ARG2=cos(thr).*W.*ko./2;

Ephval=sin(thr).*sinc(ARG1./pi).*sinc(ARG2./pi)./Emax;

Eph1=20.0*log10(abs(Ephval));

Eph1(Eph1<=-60)=-60;

function [D,DdB]=dir_rect(W,h,Leff,L,ko)

th=0:180; phi=[0:90 270:360];

[t,p]=meshgrid(th.*pi/180,phi.*pi/180);

X=ko*h/2*sin(t).*cos(p);

Z=ko*W/2*cos(t);

Et=sin(t).*sinc(X/pi).*sinc(Z/pi).*cos(ko*Leff/2*sin(t).*sin(p));

U=Et.^2;

dt=(th(2)-th(1))*pi/180;

dp=(phi(2)-phi(1))*pi/180;

Prad=sum(sum(U.*sin(t)))*dt*dp;

D=4.*pi.*max(max(U))./Prad;

DdB=10.*log10(D);

function [G1,G12]=sintegr(W,L,ko)

th=0:1:180; t=th.*pi/180;

ARG=cos(t).*(ko*W/2);

res1=sum(sinc(ARG./pi).^2.*sin(t).^2.*sin(t).*((pi/180)*(ko*W/2)^2));

res12=sum(sinc(ARG./pi).^2.*sin(t).^2.*besselj(0,sin(t).*(ko*L)).*sin(t).*((pi/180)*(ko*W/2)^2));

G1=res1./(120*pi^2); G12=res12./(120*pi^2);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

function circ=circ(option_a,filename);

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Input Parameters (freq, epsr, height)

freq=[];

while isempty(freq),

freq=input('INPUT THE RESONANT FREQUENCY (in GHz) = ');

end;

er=[];

while isempty(er),

er=input('INPUT THE DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE SUBSTRATE = ');

end;

h=[];

while isempty(h),

h=input('INPUT THE HEIGHT OF THE SUBSTRATE (in cm) = ');

end;

con=input('PLEASE INPUT THE CONDUCTIVITY (DEFAULT VALUE IS 10^7):');

if isempty(con)

con=10^7;

end

lt=input('PLEASE INPUT THE LOST TANGENT (DEFAULT VALUE OF DOMNINANT MODE TM110 IS 0.0018):');

if isempty(lt)

lt=0.0018;

end

%input of the rho0 or zin

option1=[];

while isempty(option1)|(option1~=1&option1~=2),

option1=input(['OPTIONS \n',' OPTION (1): FIND INPUT IMPEDANCE Zin AT FEED-POINT RHOo \n', ...

' OPTION (2): DETERMINE RHOo FOR A GIVEN DESIRED Zin \n', ...

'SELE1CT OPTION NUMBER: ']);

end;

if option1==1

RHOo=[];

while isempty(RHOo),

RHOo=input(['\nINPUT THE POSITION OF THE RECESSED FEED POINT ' ...

'RELATIVE TO THE CENTER OF THE CIRCULAR PATCH (in cm) = ']);

  

end

else

Zin=[];

while isempty(Zin),

Zin=input(['INPUT THE DESIRED INPUT IMPEDANCE Zin (in ohms) = ']);

end

end

% Compute the Physical Radius a (in cm) and Effective Radius ae (in cm)

lambda_o=30.0/freq;

ko=2.0*pi/lambda_o;

F=8.791/(freq*sqrt(er));

a=F/sqrt(1+2*h/(pi*er*F)*(log(pi*F/(2*h))+1.7726));

ae=a*sqrt(1+2*h/(pi*er*a)*(log(pi*a/(2*h))+1.7726));

% Normalized radiated field

% E-plane and H-plane patterns : 0 < th < 90

th=0:90; thr=th.*pi./180;

x=sin(thr).*ko.*ae;

J0=besselj(0,x);

J2=besselj(2,x);

Eth1=J0-J2;

Eph1=(J0+J2).*cos(thr);

Eth2=20.*log10(Eth1./max(Eth1));

Eph2=20.*log10(Eph1./max(Eph1));

Eth2(Eth2<=-60)=-60;

Eph2(Eph2<=-60)=-60;

Eth(1:91)=Eth2(1:91); Eth(91:270)=Eth2(91); Eth(271:361)=Eth2(91:-1:1);

Eph(1:91)=Eph2(1:91); Eph(91:270)=Eph2(91); Eph(271:361)=Eph2(91:-1:1);

% Output files

fid_e=fopen('Epl-Micr_m.dat','wt');

fid_h=fopen('Hpl-Micr_m.dat','wt');

fprintf(fid_e,'# E-PLANE RADIATION PATTERN\n');

fprintf(fid_e,'# -------------------------\n#\n');

fprintf(fid_h,'# H-PLANE RADIATION PATTERN\n');

fprintf(fid_h,'# -------------------------\n#\n');

Epl=[[0:90 270:360];[Eth(1:91) Eth(271:361)]];

fprintf(fid_e,' %7.4f\t%7.4f\n',Epl);

fclose(fid_e);

Hpl=[[0:90 270:360];[Eph(1:91) Eph(271:361)]];

fprintf(fid_h,' %7.4f\t%7.4f\n',Hpl);

fclose(fid_h);

% Plots of Radiation Patterns

phi=0:360;

% Figure 1

% ********

hli1=plot(-90:90,[fliplr(Eth2) Eth2(2:end)],'b-'); set(gca,'position',[0.13 0.11 0.775 0.8]);

h1=gca; h2=copyobj(h1,gcf); axis([-90 90 -60 0]);

set(h1,'xcolor',[0 0 1]); set(hli1,'erasemode','xor'); hx=xlabel('\theta (degrees)','fontsize',12);

axes(h2); hli2=plot(-90:90,[fliplr(Eph2) Eph2(2:end)],'r:'); axis([-90 90 -60 0]);

set(h2,'xaxislocation','top','xcolor',[1 0 0]);

set([hli1 hli2],'linewidth',2);

legend([hli1 hli2],{'E_{\theta} (E-plane)','E_{\phi} (H-plane)'},4);

xlabel('\theta (degrees)','fontsize',12);

% Figure 2

% ********

figure(2);

thr=(-90:90)*pi/180;

hp1=semipolar_microc(thr,[fliplr(Eth2) Eth2(2:end)],-60,0,4,'-','b'); hold on;

hp2=semipolar_microc(thr,[fliplr(Eph2) Eph2(2:end)],-60,0,4,':','r');

hle=legend([hp1 hp2],{'E_{\theta} (E-plane)','E_{\phi} (H-plane)'},0);

title('E- and H-plane Patterns of Circular Microstrip Antenna','fontsize',[12]);

% E-plane and H-plane HPBW

an=th(Eth2>-3);

bn=th(Eph2>-3);

EHPBW=2*abs(max(an));

HHPBW=2*abs(max(bn));

%resonant input resistance

t=[0:0.001:pi/2];

x=ko*ae*sin(t);

j0=besselj(0,x);

j2=besselj(2,x);

j02p=j0-j2;

j02=j0+j2;

grad=(ko*ae)^2/480*sum((j02p.^2+(cos(t)).^2.*j02.^2).*sin(t).*0.001);

emo=1;

m=1;

mu0=4*pi*10^(-7);

k=ko*sqrt(er);

gc=emo*pi*(pi*mu0*freq*10^9)^(-3/2)*((k*ae)^2-m^2)/(4*(h/100)^2*sqrt(con));

gd=emo*lt*((k*ae)^2-m^2)/(4*mu0*h/100*freq*10^9);

gt=grad+gc+gd;

Rin0=1/gt;

if option1==1

Rin=Rin0*besselj(1,k*RHOo)^2/besselj(1,k*ae)^2;

else

temp1=Zin/Rin0*besselj(1,k*ae)^2;

maxrho=ae;

minrho=0;

tempk=1;

while tempk>0.00001

nk=0;

rhox=linspace(minrho,maxrho,100);

temp=besselj(1,k.*rhox).^2;

for kk=1:99

if temp(kk)-temp1<=0

if temp(kk+1)-temp1>0

nk=nk+1;

minrho=rhox(kk);

maxrho=rhox(kk+1);

end

else

if temp(kk+1)-temp1<=0

nk=nk+1;

maxrho=rhox(kk);

minrho=rhox(kk+1);

end

end

end

if nk>1

display('*****Warning, there are more than one solutions for RHOo and this program only provides you one exact solution!*****/n');

end

[tempk,kk]=min(abs(temp-temp1));

RHOo=rhox(kk);

end

end

% Directivity

[D,DdB]=dir_cir(a,ae,ko);

% Display (circular)

clc;

if (option_a==2),

diary(filename);

end

disp(strvcat('INPUT PARAMETERS','================'));

disp(sprintf('\nRESONANT FREQUENCY (in GHz) = %4.4f',freq));

disp(sprintf('DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF THE SUBSTRATE = %4.4f',er));

disp(sprintf('HEIGHT OF THE SUBSTRATE (in cm) = %4.4f\n',h));

disp(strvcat('OUTPUT PARAMETERS','================='));

disp(sprintf('\nPHYSICAL RADIUS OF THE PATCH (in cm) = %4.4f',a));

disp(sprintf('EFFECTIVE RADIUS OF THE PATCH (in cm) = %4.4f',ae));

disp(sprintf('E-PLANE HPBW (in degrees) = %4.4f',EHPBW));

disp(sprintf('H-PLANE HPBW (in degrees) = %4.4f',HHPBW));

disp(sprintf('DIRECTIVITY OF CIRCULAR PATCH (dimensionless) = %4.4f',D));

disp(sprintf('DIRECTIVITY OF CIRCULAR PATCH (in dB) = %4.4f\n',DdB));

fprintf('*** TM110 MODE ***\n');

fprintf('RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE AT RHO=ae : Rin0= %4.4f ohms\n',Rin0);

if option1==1

fprintf('RESONANT INPUT RESISTANCE AT RECESSED FEED POINT (RHO=%4.4f cm) RIN= %4.4f ohms\n',RHOo, Rin);

else

fprintf('FOR DESIRED IMPENDANCE %4.4f ohms, THE FEED POINT POSITION RHOo=%4.4f cm\n\n',Zin, RHOo);

end

disp(strvcat('*** NOTE:',...

' THE E-PLANE AMPLITUDE PATTERN IS STORED IN Epl-Micr_m.dat',...

' THE H-PLANE AMPLITUDE PATTERN IS STORED IN Hpl-Micr_m.dat',...

' ========================================================='));

diary off;

% Subfunction

function [D,DdB]=dir_cir(a,ae,ko)

th=0:90; phi=0:360;

[t,p]=meshgrid(th.*pi/180,phi.*pi/180);

x=sin(t).*ko.*ae;

J0=besselj(0,x); J2=besselj(2,x);

J02P=J0-J2; J02=J0+J2;

Ucirc=(J02P.*cos(p)).^2 + (J02.*cos(t).*sin(p)).^2;

Umax=max(max(Ucirc));

Ua=Ucirc.*sin(t).*(pi./180).^2;

Prad=sum(sum(Ua));

D=4.*pi.*Umax./Prad;

DdB=10.*log10(D);