In: Accounting
ROI, Residual Income
Raddington Industries produces tool and die machinery for manufacturers. The company expanded vertically in 20x1 by acquiring one of its suppliers of alloy steel plates, Keimer Steel Company. To manage the two separate businesses, the operations of Keimer are reported separately as an investment center.
Raddington monitors its divisions on the basis of both unit contribution and return on average investment (ROI), with investment defined as average operating assets employed. Management bonuses are determined on ROI. All investments in operating assets are expected to earn a minimum return of 22 percent before income taxes.
Keimer's cost of goods sold is considered to be entirely variable, while the division's administrative expenses are not dependent on volume. Selling expenses are a mixed cost with 40 percent attributed to sales volume. Keimer contemplated a capital acquisition with an estimated ROI of 24.20 percent; however, division management decided against the investment because it believed that the investment would decrease Keimer's overall ROI.
The 20x2 operating statement for Keimer follows. The division's operating assets employed were $12,831,000 at November 30, 20x2, a 5 percent increase over the 20x1 year-end balance.
Keimer Steel Company Operating Statement For the Year Ended November 30, 20x2 |
||||
Sales revenue | $25,436,000 | |||
Less expenses: | ||||
Cost of goods sold | $15,770,320 | |||
Administrative expenses | 3,886,400 | |||
Selling expenses | 2,700,000 | 22,356,720 | ||
Operating income before income taxes | $3,079,280 |
Required:
1. Calculate the unit contribution for Keimer
Steel Company if 1,233,500 units were produced and sold during the
year ended November 30, 20x2. Round your answer to the nearest
cent.
$ per unit
2. Calculate the following performance measures for 20x2 for Keimer Steel Company:
a. Pretax return on average investment in operating assets
employed (ROI). Round your percentage answer to two decimal places
(for example, the decimal .10555 would be entered as "10.56"
percent).
%
b. Residual income calculated on the basis of average operating
assets employed.
$
3. Explain why the management of Keimer Steel
Company would have been more likely to accept the contemplated
capital acquisition if residual income rather than ROI were used as
a performance measure.
The investment would have increased both the division's residual
income and the management bonuses.
4. Keimer Steel Company is a separate
investment center within Raddington Industries. Identify several
items that Keimer should control if it is to be evaluated fairly by
either the ROI or residual income performance measures. (CMA
adapted)
Keimer must be able to control all items related to profits and
investment.
Your Question has been answered in Handwritten notes as follows:
(3)The management of Keimer Steel Company would have been more likely to accept the contemplated capital acquisition if residual income rather than ROI were used as a performance measure as the investment will raise the division's residual income and the management bonuses.
(4)Factors to control
1. Short term performance is more focused by managers hindering long term growth of company
2. Managers may resort to excessive cost cutting to improve Operating Income ignoring Quality which can harm companys image.
3. Under ROI manager would be unwilling to make additional investment as it would result to lower ROI which may affect company's perforamnce.