Question

The incorrect ones are not right. I already used those answers.

Which class(es) of nutrients are necessary for plant growth and development?

(select ALL correct answers)

- nutrients obtained from air/water like CO2

- macronutrients like potassium

- micronutrients like iron

- organic energy sources

2. ___ will prevent a root from responding to gravity.

  Removing the root cap

   Proximity to magnets -> Incorrent

   Developing a mutualism with soil bacteria

3.

Which hypotheses/theories/models help to explain water movement through tissues of a plant body?

(select ALL correct answers)

- cohesion-tension theory

-root pressure

-pressure-flow hypothesis

- capillarity / capillary action

4.

Nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for plant growth in many environments.

The nitrogen ions in the soil that plants absorb as nutrients are produced by ___.

(select ALL correct answers)

- decomposition of organic matter

- nitrogen fixation by bacteria

- the atmosphere

5.

During cation exchange the plant increases proton concentrations outside the root hair by ____.

(select BOTH correct mechanisms)

- releasing CO2 during cellular respiration

- generating a membrane potential to electrically attract cations into the cell

- pumping H+ out of the cell using energy from ATP

6.

Proton pumps are important for establishing proton gradients. These proton gradients are used in ___.

(select ALL correct answers)

- the symport of anions into root cells

- transporting sugars into cells from areas of low concentration into an area of higher concentration

- acidifying cell walls and activating expansin during phototropism

- acidifying cell walls and activating expansin during gravitropism

- the symport of cations into root cells

- establishing a negative charge within root cells that pulls cations into cells

7.

Root hairs ____.

(select ALL correct answers)

- grow in the area of the root called the zone of maturation

- increase nutrient absorption by increasing the surface area of the root in contact with the soil

- grow over the Root Apical Meristem as protection

- are extensions of epidermal cells

8.

The Root Apical Meristem (RAM) is the region of active cell division that produces cells in the ___.

(select ALL correct answers)

- root cap

- extensions from the root epidermal cells called root hairs

- root that will differentiate into dermal, ground, and vascular tissues

9.

Auxin is ____.

(select ALL correct answers)

- transported into plant cells by transporter proteins in the cell membrane

- a signal that inhibits cell elongation & division in root cells when present in high concentrations

- a signal that promotes cell elongation in stem cells

- a signal that inhibits cell elongation & division in root cells when present in low concentrations

- transported out of a plant cell by transporter proteins in the cell membrane

10.

The Statolith hypothesis _____.

(select ALL correct answers)

- amyloplasts filled with starch fall to the bottom of cells and trigger receptors

- explains how plants sense gravity

- explains a process for sensing gravity and triggering a redistribution of auxin downwards as it is transported from cell to cell towards older and older cells along the root

11.

During the phototropic response, light causes ___.

(select ALL correct answers)

- auxin to be transported towards the shaded side of the elongating stem

- cells to elongate

- cells to produce proton pumps that acidify the cell wall areas

- auxin export proteins in cells to move to the shaded side of each cell

12.

Auxin produces different effects in roots and stems

In addition tothe polar auxin transport that occurs in stems, auxin also flows through vascular tissue down to the root tissue. In which type of vascular tissue must auxin move from stem to root?

- phloem

- xylem

- epidermal

13.

Inorganic soil particles are classified by size.

Clay is the smallest size class. The composition of clay is relatively high in aluminum (Al³⁺). Clay particles have a net negative charge because the silica (Si⁴⁺) present in most sand particles has been been substituted by aluminum (i.e., by isomorphous substitution). Due to their negative charge, clay particles often determine most of the chemical properties of soil.

The inorganic soil particles that are larger than clay but still smaller in size than all other soil particles are called ___.

- gravel

- silt

- boulders

- sand -> Incorret

Answer 1

1. Correct statements are:

- nutrients obtained from air/water like CO2

- macronutrients like potassium

- micronutrients like iron

The energy source for plants is sun light and not organic compounds.

2. Removing the root cap.

The root cap functions in geo perception or gravitropism of plant roots.

3. The correct options are:

-cohesion-tension theory

-root pressure

- capillarity / capillary action

1. Root pressure in roots pushes water up.
2. Capillary action draws water up within the xylem.
3. Cohesion-tension pulls water up the xylem.

Pressure flow hypothesis explains translocation of water containing food molecules sugars in phloem.

4. Correct options are

- decomposition of organic matter

- nitrogen fixation by bacteria

- the atmosphere

Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil in the form of nitrate and ammonium. They are made available to plants by 1) the addition of ammonia or nitrate fertilizer to soil, 2) during organic matter decomposition, 3) the conversion of from atmospheric nitrogen by lightning and 4) biological nitrogen fixation.