Question

-Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in __________ and __________ steps of glucose catabolism. Additionally, the other mechanism of ATP, ___________ occurs as a result of the __________ .

-In _______ C6H12O6 is converted to _________ . In _________the carbons on acetyl-CoA are released as __________ . In the ________ , O2 is converted to ________ by accepting the electrons at the end.

-At the start glycolysis, the electrons are (high/low) energy and are found in _______ molecules. These electrons (gain/lose) energy as they are transferred to __________. _________ carries these (high/low) energy electrons to the mitochondria where they are sent through the electron transport chain and end up on ________ molecules. By the end, these electrons are (high/low) energy.

-At the start of glycolysis, glucose (gains/loses) energy when 2 ATP are ______ . After this, ________(#) ATP are produced in glycolysis, making the net ATP production _____ (#) ATP molecules are e in pyruvate oxidation and _____ are made in the TCA cycle. ~30 ATP molecules are made as the result of ________ where the electrochemical gradient powers the enzyme _________ .

Answer 1

Answer:

Substrate-level Phosphorylation occurs in 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate converted to 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenol Pyruvic acid converted to Pyruvic acid steps of glucose catabolism. Additionally, the other mechanism of ATP, synthesis occurs as a result of the oxidative Phosphorylation.

-In Glycolysis C6H12O6 is converted to 2 molecules of Pyruvic acid.

In Citric acid cycle the carbons on acetyl-CoA are released as carbon dioxide.

In the electron transport chain, O2 is converted to water by accepting the electrons at the end.

-At the start Glycolysis, the electrons are high energy and are found in NADH molecules. These electrons loses energy as they are transferred to carriers of Electron Transport system.

NADH/FADH2 carries these high energy electrons to the mitochondria where they are sent through the electron transport chain and end up on oxygen molecules. By the end, these electrons are low energy.

-At the start of Glycolysis, glucose loses energy when 2 ATP are hydrolysed. After this, 4 ATP are produced in Glycolysis, making the net ATP production 2.

No ATP molecules are made in Pyruvate oxidation but 2 molecules of NADH are made and 6 NADH, 2FADH2 and 2 ATP are made in the TCA cycle. ~30 ATP molecules are made as the result of oxidative Phosphorylation where the electrochemical gradient powers the enzyme ATP synthase .

Note: 2 molecules of NADH are generated in Glycolysis ,2 molecules of NADH are generated in oxidative decarboxylation of Pyruvic acid and 6NADH, 2FADH2 are generated in TCA cycle(citric acid cycle) which act as a reducing power and produce ATP in oxidative phophorylation which takes place in inner mitochondrial membrane because of electron transport chain