1. The following questions refer to calcium oxide: Define electronegativity b.Deduce the type of bonding experienced...

The following questions refer to calcium oxide:

Define electronegativity

b.Deduce the type of bonding experienced by calcium oxide, showing your calculations.

When a solution of calcium nitrate is mixed with a solution of sodium sulfate, a precipitate forms.

Write the balanced equation for this reaction, using state symbols for all reactants and products.
Identify the type of reaction.
Write the TOTAL ionic equation.
Write the net ionic equation.

e. Identify all spectator ions.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Q1: Electronegativity: It is a measure of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons towards themselves. Electronegativity is expressed by the Greek letter: . The higher the electronegativity, the greater an atom’s attraction for electrons.
In the periodic table, electronegativity of elements increases from the bottom of a group to the top and left to right across a period.

Q2: Calcium oxide molecule is formed by the calcium cation (Ca²⁺) and the oxygen anion (O^2-).
Now, Ca is highly electropositive alkaline earth metal while oxygen is highly electronegative non-metal. Hence,
Ca Ca²⁺ + 2e-
O + 2e- O^2-
Therefore, Ca²⁺ + O^2- CaO
Ca and oxygen form a ionic bond. The calcium oxide ionic lattice is cubic and similar to NaCl lattice, with an ion surrounded by 6 negatively charged oxygen ions.

Q3: When a solution of Calcium nitrate is mixed with a solution of sodium sulfate, a precipitate forms. Therefore, the equation is :
Ca(NO₃)₂ + Na₂SO₄ CaSO₄ + NaNO₃

Therefore, the balanced equation is:
Ca(NO₃)₂ + Na₂SO₄ = CaSO₄ + 2NaNO₃

Q4: The solid precipitate is CaSO₄ as it has formed in the solid form. Therefore, the equation with state symbols would be,
Ca(NO₃)₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) = CaSO₄(s) + 2NaNO₃(aq)
Where, ‘aq’ stands for aqueous form and‘s’ stands for ‘solid’ form.

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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