Question

Discuss the causative agent,mode of transmission and clinical symptoms and 2 priority nursing interventions for the following, Smallpox, Rubella, Chicken pox. Candidias,Pediculosis, Neonantal Gonorrheal Ophthalmia, Conjuctivitis and Trachoma.

Your paper has to be 1 page long.

Answer 1

	Causative agent	mode of transmission	clinical symptoms	nursing interventions
Smallpox	Variola virus	person-to-person contact and saliva droplets in an infected person's breath.	High fever, malaise, widespread skin rash, headache, vomiting etc.	1. Give the patient a surgical mask or appropriately fitted N95 respirator and instruct them on using it. 2. Use only personnel who have been vaccinated against smallpox for treating smallpox patients.
Rubella	Rubella virus	direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals. Rubella can also be transmitted by breathing in droplets that are sprayed into the air when an infected person sneezes, coughs or talks.	Pink-red rash, mild fever, swollen nodes, inflamed red-eye, muscle pain etc.	1. Treatment of symptoms includes plenty of fluids and pain relief if required. 2. Paracetamol may be used to reduce fever and pain.
Chickenpox	varicella-zoster virus	transmitted from person to person by direct contact (touching the rash), droplet or air born spread (coughing and sneezing) of vesicle fluid or secretions of the respiratory tract of cases of patients with herpes zoster.	rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters that eventually turn into scabs. The rash may first show up on the chest, back, and face, and then spread over the entire body, including inside the mouth, eyelids, or genital area.	1. Manage pruritus 2. Trim fingernails
candidiasis	Candida albicans	transmitted from mother to infant through childbirth, and remains as part of a normal human's microflora.	burning feeling having sex or while urinating, itchy sensation around the lower part and redness around it.	1. One of a number of antifungal agents is used to treat itchy thrush. 2. Clotrimazole is probably the most commonly used topical preparation
Pediculosis	Pediculus humanus.	transmitted through direct head-to-head contact with a person with head lice.	itching in the scalp of the head and neck region.	1. Assess the scalp for nits or active lice; common behind the ears, at the base of the neck and on the crown of the head. 2. Apply standard anti-lice shampoo on the affected hairs.
Neonantal Gonorrheal Ophthalmia,	Chlamydia	It is caught during birth by contact with the mother's birth canal that is infected with a sexually-transmitted disease.	Pain and tenderness in the eyeball, Conjunctival discharge,	1. Newborns with gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum should be treated for 7 days with ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, or crystalline benzylpenicillin. Other bacterial ophthalmia neonatorum should be treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics drops and ointment for 2 weeks.
Conjunctivitis	Staphylococcus aureus	Most viruses that cause conjunctivitis spread through hand-to-eye contact by hands or objects that are contaminated with the infectious virus. Having contact with infectious tears, eye discharge, faecal matter, or respiratory discharges can contaminate hands.	redness in the eye, swollen conjunctiva, itchy eyes, burning sensation etc.	Avoid rubbing the eye. Clean eye discharge with a tissue (dispose of carefully) Do not share towels or clothing with others.
Trachoma	Chlamydia trachomatis	Trachoma spreads through contact with discharge from the eyes or nose of an infected person. Hands, clothing, towels and insects can all be routes for transmission.	Mild itching, irritation of the eyes, eye pain and eyelid swelling.	1. Maintain safety of the eyes and try to keep them clean. 2, In the early stages of trachoma, treatment with antibiotics alone may be enough to eliminate the infection.