Question

Create a table of the different classes of neurotransmitters. List names of neurotransmitters, their implications in human disease,  and their main functions .

Answer 1

There are hundreds of neurotransmitters, but they can be grouped into classes depending on their structure, or function.

Based on their function and action they can be classified as excitatory, inhibitory or neuromodulators.

Type	Names	function	disease
Exicatory	Glutamate	role in learning and memory, particularly in the process of long-term potentiation.	Excess glutamate can cause Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease,etc
Inhibitory	GABBA	regulating neuronal activity; anxiety and sleep.	Decreased GABA activity can cause Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Neuromodulators	Endorphins	Involved in pain regulation	Decreased levels can cause condition like mental illness such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Based on structures they can be classifed as,

Type	Name	function	disease
Monoamines	Adrtenaline,noradrenaline,	They are the flight/fight hormones that are released when the body is under extreme stress	Excess adrenaline can cause  heart damage, insomnia, a jittery, nervous feeling.
Amino acid	Glycine	As an inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine is important in many motor and sensory functions,	high doses of glycine could make the damage caused by a stroke worse
Peptides	Oxytocin	helps in dialtion of uterus to assist child birth.	A lack of oxytocin in a nursing mother would prevent the milk-ejection reflex and prevent breastfeeding.
Others	Acetylcholine	is an excitatory neurotransmitter which is involved in stimulation of muscle fibers	Excess acetylcholine can cause uncontroled muscle contraction.