Question

1. During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles must increase to meet the increase in oxygen demand for ATP (energy) production. The initial response that increases blood flow to the muscle cells is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems.

1. Which type of homeostatic regulation is this? Explain.

Answer 1

Answer(a) The type of regulation in intial stage of homeostasis is known as Autoregulation of homeostasis.

Explanation ::

Normally during exercise excess amount of oxygen is required by the body ,this time nervous ,endocrine ,circulatory,respiratory and muscular system were involved....means the most actively cardiovascular system helps in the regulation of homeostasis.

But at the initial stage some autoregulatory system regulates the homeostasis in response to certain important chemicals such as level of pH,NO,oxygen, carbon dioxides , histamine,etc.

​​​​​​During excessive excercise oxygen level becomes low,CO2 level becomes high then the opening of blood vessels is necessary for maintaining homeostasis or we can say opening of blood vessels required.The chemical response trigger the precapillary sphincter for relaxation which results into relaxation of blood vessels additionally blood will flow in particular area and homeostasis will maintain.

At the time of opening of precapillary Sphincter some chemical response were involved ,such as low level of Oxygen,high level of CO2,high level of lactic acid,high level of potassium and hydrogen ion ,low level of pH which trigger the stimulation and release of NO( as we know it works as vasodilator) resulting in vasodilation and blood vessels get relax and open.It relaxes the endothelial cells of blood vessels.

As we know at time of excercise ,amount of oxygenated blood will low or in limited quantities then the closing of precapillary sphincter will also occur ,with the help of autoregulatory chemical response.The vasoconstriction chemical were secreted by endothelial cells and it will contrict the precapillary sphinncter which controls the needful blood flow at important area.

So,finally we can say that contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincter with the help of chemical response is Primary autoregulator for homeostasis during excercise.