Question

answer the questions

1 – What is/are materialit(ies) of the digital? Discuss how materiality of the digital informs current debates on the Internet.

2 - What are the examples of ‘gendered technologies?’ How do digital technologies confirm conventional gender norms? (Refer to O’Riordan’s article among possible others)

3 – What is the Internet of Things? Discuss its positive and negative implications. In your discussion, refer to the issues of the future of jobs, network security and human agency.

4 - Discuss the statement ‘as far as the power is concerned, streets are dead capital’ in relation to tactical media and electronic civil disobedience (ECD) projects. Do you agree with the statement? Why? Discuss with two examples.

Answer 1

1.What is/are materialit(ies) of the digital? Discuss how materiality of the digital informs current debates on the Internet.

Answer: a) Digital materiality is a relatively new concept in the information systems literature that attempts to give substance.

b)It explains the material properties of digital artefacts. These artefacts, such as software programs, are challenging our traditional assumptions of what is materiality.

c)Crowdsourcing or the aggregation of publicly reported data for a variety of purposes like- from tracking instances of violence within a geographic area to coordinating information for aid agencies working in humanitarian emergency situations.

d) The purpose is to instantiate the more theoretical notion of digital materiality through a tangible technology(e.g., the crowdsourcing application, PowerLife) with far-reaching socio-technical implications.

e)The main important keywords of the materialit are Digital materiality, crowdsourcing, ICTD, Innovation, Socio- a technicality.

f) According to the digital informs current debates on the Internet.

-In recent years, the term “materiality” has been cropping up in the works of authors in management, communication studies, and sociology, to name a few places.

-In the field of management,Orlikowski has begun to make the argument that even though organizations are saturated with new digital artifacts, research “largely disregards, downplays, or takes for granted the materiality of organizations.

2 - What are the examples of ‘gendered technologies?’ How do digital technologies confirm conventional gender norms?

Answer: a)During the past decade, there has been a renewed interest in the power of communications and information exchange as an engine for development, coinciding with the growth of personal computing and telecommunications.

b)The 'virtual world' created as a result. Radhika Gajjala and Annapurna Mamidipudi exchange their views on the Internet, while Heather Schreiner looks at telecentres, which offer more familiar ways of electronic communications including radio and telephone in addition to Internet access.

c)Currently, the scope of the Internet to bring about an understanding between Southern and Northern women and men, to exchange information, and to offer marketing and lobbying opportunities

d)View of digital technology rapidly gained prominence within both scholarly and popular press, not everyone shared this optimistic sentiment.

3. What is the Internet of Things? Discuss its positive and negative implications. In your discussion, refer to the issues of the future of jobs, network security, and human agency.

Answer:a)The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the network of physical object “things” that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.

b)These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools.

c)IoT technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of the "smart home", including devices and appliances (such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems and cameras, and other home appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers

e)Positive Implication on IoT:

-Effective communication and Instant messaging services

-Increase business interactions, save vital time

-Less complicated banking, transactions, and shopping

-Access the latest news from anywhere in the world

-Run online course on virtual assistants using the internet

-Professionals have IoT devices in healthcare, eCommerce, and AI to help in doing jobs easily

f) Negative Implication on IoT:

-Social networks disturb life personally and professionally

-Stealing data or hacking into IoT devices is easy

-Using the internet to spread bad scenarios via the IoT device is easy

4.Discuss the statement ‘as far as the power is concerned, streets are dead capital’ in relation to tactical media and electronic civil disobedience (ECD) projects. Do you agree with the statement? Why? Discuss with two examples.

Answer:a) The shift from traditional to electronic civil disobedience, the Critical Art Ensemble proclaimed that ‘as far as power is concerned, streets are dead capital.’

b) Recent events in the Arab world, U.K., U.S., and Europe have reminded us, though, that occupying streets still counts when it comes to different power struggles and social change.

c)But in some cases web spaces appear as the most obvious and powerful arenas of civil disobedience, as we are seeing now in the in/famous SOPA and PIPA conflict.

d)The peak of discontent over SOPA/PIPA will be tomorrow’s web protest that Google, Wikipedia, Boing Boing, The Internet Archive, and many other institutions have announced.

e)While waiting for the protest to take place, it is interesting to recall some of the earlier, more, or less know cases of web blackouts.

Discuss two Examples:

1-The Resistance to Future War: The First Information War because of the heavy military reliance on information and communication technology. The Gulf War was a pinnacle of achievement for the weapons industry, a chance to battle test sophisticated hardware that had been developed and manufactured under the Reagan and Bush presidencies. The weapons systems were dependent, as were all communications, on a major telecommunications infrastructure involving satellite, radar, radio, and telephone. The "smart" bombs were just the most mentioned of the sophisticated weaponry that was showcased during the made-for-CNN war.

2.Emerging Critiques of Direct Action Net Politics:There is no consensus among social and political activists regarding electronic civil disobedience, political hacking, hacktivism, or more generally extraparliamentary direct action Net politics. It may in fact be too early to judge or to make definitive claims about these new tactics. But some critiques have co-developed along with the development of these new methods.