functional,hypothalamic amenorrhea

Expert Solution

Answer

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is absence of menstruation.
If there is absence of menstruation due to cause of hypothalamic origin, it is called functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.

- Menstrual cycle begins at puberty when gonadotropin hormones (FSH and LH) triggers development of ovarian follicles.
- Normally, growing ovarian follicles release estrogen hormone. Estrogen initiates building up of endometrial lining. LH causes ovulation.
- In this way menstrual cycle is regulated by FSH and LH.

The secretion of FSH and LH is regulated by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) by hypothalamus.
- When GnRH is not secreted from hypothalamus, anterior pituitary stops secreting FSH and LH.
- In absence of these hormones, female sex hormones declines.
- Due lack of growth of endometrial lining, it does not shed in menstrual phase of the cycle.

Causes of hypothalamic amenorrhea includes :

Stress : Increased stress inihibts hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Increased levels of cortisol due to stress inhibits production of GnRH.
Diet : Decreased calorie intake and heavy exercise leads to abnormal hypothalamic function.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

Discuss hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function in the context of stress response?

a) Present a scheme to illustrate the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. b) List the factors...

a) Present a scheme to illustrate the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. b) List the factors that can influence this axis. c) Discuss the role of the pineal gland in female reproduction.

Using Growth Hormone (GH) as an example, explain a hypothalamic – pituitary – target organ relationship....

Using Growth Hormone (GH) as an example, explain a hypothalamic – pituitary – target organ relationship. A drawing may be helpful but be sure to include words to explain the picture.

Compare and contrast security functional requirements and functional securiydesign principles.

Discuss the role genetics plays in the development of bipolar 2 disorders. Explain how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal...

Discuss the role genetics plays in the development of bipolar 2 disorders. Explain how the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system may be associated with bipolar type 2 disease. Discuss the role inflammatory cytokines play in the development and exacerbation of bipolar type 2 symptoms Discuss the role of the amygdala in bipolar disorder. How does neurochemical dysregulation contribute to bipolar disorders? What is the status of the use of nutraceuticals in management of depression? What are pnictogens and how do they contribute...

3/. The hypothalam0-hypophyseal portal system a. Allows hypothalamic releasing hormone to directly stimulate the anterior pituitary...

3/. The hypothalam0-hypophyseal portal system a. Allows hypothalamic releasing hormone to directly stimulate the anterior pituitary without entering the systemic circulation b. Provides a directly blood supply between the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland c. Allows for negative pituitary feedback regulation between the posterior and anterior pituitary d. None of above 4/An example of a short-loop negative feedback is: a. Cortisol inhibition of ACTH release b. IGF inhibition of GHRH release c. TSH inhibition of TRH release d. Increased blood...

Please identify each property/requirement as a functional or non-functional. For every non-functional property/requirement, please add a...

Please identify each property/requirement as a functional or non-functional. For every non-functional property/requirement, please add a remark to explain why. Ticket Booking System Property/Requirement F: Functional NF: Non-functional 1 The system must perform the backup on a daily basis and weekly basis. 2 The users must be allowed to pick a web browser of their choice. 3 Users can call to book tickets. 4 The system must complete the request for booking a ticket in less than 5 seconds. 5...

what is functional group? what can be functional group in organic compound?

Classify the following as a functional requirement or as a Non-functional requirement. Provide the reasoning behind...

Classify the following as a functional requirement or as a Non-functional requirement. Provide the reasoning behind your choice. They system failure rate shall be less than 1 failure per 1000 hours of operation. Functional: Non-functional The system shall return for a search run by a user in less than 3 seconds. Functional: Non-functional: The system shall be available 99.99% of the time. Functional: Non-functional: The system shall allow the human resource manager to view attendance reports and check-in/ check-out times...

1. Identify and briefly describe the functional and non-functional requirements for the proposed system

Question