A patient is admitted to hospital with organophosphate poisoning. Their symptoms include difficulty breathing and a...

A patient is admitted to hospital with organophosphate poisoning. Their symptoms include difficulty breathing and a low heart rate.

a) Describe the mechanism of action of this poison.

b) Explain why the patient has these symptoms, and identify the receptors and second messengers that are involved.

c) Identify a drug that could be used to treat organophosphate poisoning, and explain why this treatment would be effective.

d) What would happen if a patient with organophosphate poisoning was given rocuronium? Explain your answer.

Solutions

Expert Solution

a) Organophosphate act by inhibiting the action of an enzyme by name acetylcholiesterase, whose main action is to break down acetylcholine molecule at the neuromuscular junction into choline and acetic acid, when this happens there is build up of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis, increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion.

b) When there is accumulation of acetylcholine, there is overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system which result in muscle overstimulation and causing the symptoms associated with this type of poisoning. In this cGMP acts as a second messenger. Receptors involved is nicotonic receptors.

c) Atropine could be used to treat organophosphate poisoning, these drugs act by blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, this can prevent acetylcholine accumulation and therefore reduce the effect of poisoning.

d) Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker, this drug is given before general anesthesia in preparing you for surgery.Rocuronium is used mainly to relax the muscles, using a neuromuscular blocking agent such as Rocuronium will protect the neuromuscular junction from damage and thus prevent intermediate syndrome.

Sydney Mullin answered 8 months ago

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