Question

Pick one of the traps discussed in part 5 and explain which tools (instruments) Collier believes are most crucial. Explain.

The traps is from Chaper 11 in the book The Bottom Billion the traps are:

Breaking conflict trap

Breaking the natural resource trap

Answer 1

The book states breaking the course of conflict suggests that it could have an impact. Various authors congratulate the authors for emphasizing that the civil war is not only a matter of humanitarian crisis and regional headaches, but also a major threat to development and international security. To some extent, this has stimulated efforts to prevent and resolve conflicts. This book offers excellent service.

Conflict Traps and Neighbourhood Effects

According to the books, civil war often creates an "eternal heritage of poverty and misery". The war directly destroyed important infrastructure, investment, investor confidence, and equity. People are being expelled from their homes and diseases such as HIV / AIDS and malaria are militarily weakened. War indirectly destroys the economy as money is diverted from profitable investments to the military budget. Taken together, these effects have reduced the growth potential of countries that have already been left behind and created a "conflict trap". Despite their attempts to escape, these countries were repeatedly involved in civil war. Worse, the catastrophic costs of civil war are rarely seen within the boundaries of affected countries.

The devastating effects of the civil war spread abroad, the arms race was intensified, trade was disrupted, and investor confidence in the sector fell. Globally, countries that have been affected by the international HIV / AIDS epidemic have become shelters and networks as the civil war reduces the risk of drug trafficking. International terrorist. Breaking the web of conflicts naturally suggests that the international community has an interest in preventing and resolving civil wars, even when they are in countries that seem less strategically important.

He identified the cause of the civil war, as the main drivers of the civil war were slowing economic growth, exports of natural resources and reliance on previous civil wars. The main cause of the controversy was development failure. Countries with per capita income and a stable and uneven distribution are still dependent on trade exports and are at high risk of conflict. Without economic development, good political system, racial and religious unity, and high military costs cannot provide meaningful protection against large-scale violence. When a country enters conflict, the superpower (conflict trap) turns it into an additional conflict syndrome. The authors tried to explain that most conflicts were due to differences in race and religion, and believed that the relationship between race and conflict was more complex than traditional opinion, and the high degree of diversity It is actually a race or religion. I'm sinister. Killer exceptions are experienced in more equal countries. However, if the group has an absolute majority in many small groups (probably afraid of permanent dominance), or if the society is divided into two equal but polarized groups. The risk is significantly higher.

He sought policies to address the economic roots of the civil war, gained international aid and market access to the international community to promote economic diversification, curb corruption, strengthen and reduce political reform. I asked. Additional military spending. I asked you to use it. But Nicholas Stern, Executive Vice President and Chief Economist at the World Bank, writes in the preface of the book that the author "especially emphasizes the need to improve international governance of natural resources." Collier, etc. to reduce the volatile impact of dependence on natural resources. It is believed that policies such as emergency grants and risk mitigation measures should be used to mitigate price shocks in major countries.