Question

What’s the difference between transcriptional and cytoplasmic cellular responses? Which one

increases the amplification of the signal?

Answer 1

Cellular response, is the binding of chemical signals to their receptors activates the events within the cell that change its nature. Some receptors enters the cell bound to chemical signal. Other active membrane enzymes, which produce certain intracellular chemical mediators.

Transcriptional cellular responses, are the cellular responses at transcriptional level. The cellular response at molecular level, increase in transcription of certain genes or the activity of particular enzyme. Plant growth and productivity are largely affected by environmental stresses. Expression of variety of genes is activated by these stresses in various plant. In the signal transduction, perception of stress signal to stress responsive gene expression, various transcriptional factors are adaptive to environmental stresses ; transcriptional regulation in gene expression in responses to drought and cold stresses.

Zinc is an essential trace element that play a crucial role in catalytic and regulatory function of many proteins including transcriptional factors. The first metazoan transcriptional factor that play a vital role in the cellular response to increased zinc levels. Cell response to DNA damage in variety of ways such as initiation of DNA repair, regulation of transcription, translation etc. DNA breaks which result in the localized interruption of transcription around the site of DNA breakage.

Cytoplasmic cellular responses, are the cellular response in the cytoplasm. A signal transduction pathway leads to the regulation of one or more cellular activities. The responses at the end of the pathway may occur in the nucleus of the cell or in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic response involves the activation of an enzyme or the opening of an ion channel. During signal transduction, the second messengers are the substance that enter the cytoplasm and act within the cell to trigger a response.

Signal amplification is the use of specific detection methodologies to directly increase the signal in proportion to the amount of target in the reaction. Signalling pathway may regulate the activity of proteins, directly affecting the proteins that function outside of the nucleus. A signal my reach a cell in the form of a single hormone molecules. Inside the cell, signal must be amplified so that the response is carried multiple times. Amplification is make into the system. Each step in the signalling chain has the potential for amplification. For example, the memberane receptors can produce 10 second messengers and each second messenger can generate the transcription of 10 mRNA chains then the signal has been amplified one thousand fold. Thus, transcriptional cellular responses have increase the amplification of the signal.