Question

Discuss the differences between histograms, relative frequency histograms, time series graphs, and stem and leaf displays.

Answer 1

A stem-and-leaf plot is an organization of numerical data into categories based on place value. The stem-and-leaf plot is a graph that is similar to a histogram but it displays more information. For a stem-and-leaf plot, each number will be divided into two parts using place value.

The stem is the left-hand column and will contain the digits in the largest place. The right-hand column will be the leaf and it will contain the digits in the smallest place.

difference between histogram and relative frequency histogram

histogram is a bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents classes of data values and the vertical scale represents frequencies (or relative frequencies). The heights of the bars correspond to the frequency values, and the bars are drawn adjacent to each other without gaps.

A frequency histogram has bars whose height corresponds to the frequency (n) between the upper and lower bounds of the bar (when whatever is being counted in on the horizontal (x) axis and frequency is on the vertical (y) axis). A relative frequency histogram has bars whose height is equal to either the proportion (=n ÷ N; where N is total number of cases) or percentage (=[n÷ N] x 100) of cases that are between the upper and lower bounds of the bar.

The main difference between a frequency histogram and a relative frequency histogram is that the vertical axis uses relative or proportional frequency instead of simple frequency

To construct a time series graph, we must look at both pieces of our paired data set. We start with a standard Cartesian coordinate system. The horizontal axis is used to plot the date or time increments, and the vertical axis is used to plot the values of the variable that we are measuring. By doing this, we make each point on the graph correspond to a date and a measured quantity. The points on the graph are typically connected by straight lines in the order in which they occur.

Time series graphs are important tools in various applications of statistics. When recording values of the same variable over an extended period of time, sometimes it is difficult to discern any trend or pattern. However, once the same data points are displayed graphically, some features jump out. Time series graphs make trends easy to spot