Goblet cells

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Expert Solution

Goblet cells are simple columnar goblet shaped epithelial cells.
Technically, goblet cells are unicellular intraepithelial mucin secreting glands.
It is present within simple, columnar, cuboidal and pseudostratified epithelia. It is present in the respiratory, reproductive and gastrointestinal tracts.
It has a narrow base and a wide apex.
The goblet cells are polarized (i.e) they are arranged in a specific layout within the cytoplasm.
The narrow base consists of the nucleus, mitochondria rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and the golgi complex in the same order.
The apex consists of the vesicles with mucins.
Mucins are the glycoproteins that later gets hydrated to form mucus.
Mucus is a secretion of the goblet cells and are used as lubricants for the gastrointestinal, reproductive and respiratory tracts. It is also present in the conjuctiva in the upper eyelids.
In the respiratory tract, it traps large particles that might damage the epithelial lining.
In the gastrointestinal tract it functions as a lubricant lining the surface of the intestines.
Goblet cells are the source of mucins in tears in the conjunctiva of the upper eyelids.
Mucins are secreted by mucinogens present in the RER.
The secreted mucins are then packed in the vesicles of the golgi complexes.
These mucins are then released onto the surface of the epithelium through the process of exocytosis.
The protein components of mucins differ based on the location they are secreted.
In the intestines, the type MUC2 is much prevalent.
In the respiratory tract, MUC5AC and MUC5B are prevalent.
Mucus production increases when there is an irritation in the epithelium.
This increase in mucus is called stimulated secretion.

Sydney Mullin answered 8 months ago

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