Question

1. What is synovial fluid and what is it’s purpose?

2. Use medical terms to describe the location of the tibia.

3. Compare and contrast the three types of muscle. Give an example of each within the body.

4. What covers the opening of the trachea? What is it’s purpose?

5. Where does the upper airway end and the lower airway start? List the structures in both.

6. What structures and muscles are involved in breathing? Explain them from inferior to superior.

7. What is the difference between ventilation and respiration?

8. Describe the process of gas exchange using appropriate medical terms.

9. What area of the brain controls breathing? Describe the process.

10. What is the “backup drive” for breathing and how does it work?

Answer 1

Synovial fluid is thick clear fluid present in the synovial joints which reduces the friction between the articular cartilage during movement by lubricating it.

Tibia is located in the lower leg. It is located medially to fibula, distally to femur and proximally to talus. Tibia forms the ankle joint with fibula and tarsals and it also forms knee joint with femur.

The three types of muscles are: Skeletal muscles, Smooth muscles and Cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control and they are striated. Muscles which are attached to skeleton are skeletal muscles. Example: Biceps brachii.

Smooth muscles are under involuntary control and are spindle shaped. They are present in hollow body organs. Example: Walls of blood vessels.

Cardiac muscles are under involuntary control and are striated and present in the walls of heart. Example: Myocardium of heart.

Epiglottis which is an elastic cartilage covers the opening of trachea.

Purpose of epiglottis is to prevent entry of food and liquid into the windpipe.