Question

P^3- ,Cl^-1 , Mg, Al^3+ and Na^1+

A)

list them in terms of increasing 1st ionization energies from lowest to highest.

B)

list them in terms of increasing size from samllest to largest?

Answer 1

Completely filled or half-filled orbitals are more stable than other configurations. Highly positive species will have higest ionization energies than negatively charged species. Size increases with increasing negative charge also. All these are general characteristics.

increasing 1st ionization energies from lowest to highest: Mg < P^3- < Cl^- < Na⁺ < Al³⁺

increasing size from samllest to largest: Al³⁺ < Na⁺ < Mg < Cl^- < P^3-

Na-11; Mg-12; Al-13; P -15; Cl-17;

P^3- & Cl^- have same outer electronic configuration, but number of protons are more in Cl^- than in P^3- hence outer electrons are strongly attracted in Cl^- than in P^3-, this results 1st ionization energy is more for Cl^- than P^3-. Noble gas configuration achieved elements are always more stable than any other elements Na⁺ & Al³⁺ are examples.

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