Question

explain causes,symptoms,and treatments of each of the conditions

1)aortic valve stenosis 2) ascites 3) Arrhythmia 4)blood clots 5) heart failure

Answer 1

Aortic valve stenosis

Causes: The main cause is the narrowing of aortic valve. Other causes are congenital heart defect, calcium buildup on the wall and rheumatic fever.

Symptoms:

• Abnormal heart sound (heart murmur)
• Chest pain
• Feeling faint or dizzy
• Shortness of breath, especially when you have been active
• Fatigue, especially during times of physical activity
• Heart palpitations
• Not eating enough (mainly in children)
• Not gaining enough weight ( in children)

Treatments: The valve can be replaced or repaired through surgery

Ascites

Cause: When fluid accumulates in the abdomen. This buildup occurs between two membrane layers that together make up the peritoneum, a smooth sac that contains the body’s organs.

Symptoms

• nauseated
• reduced hungry
• tired
• breathless
• urinary urgency
• constipation

Treatment: Reducing salt and taking water tablets (diuretics). In severe cases, liver transplant is required.

Arrhythmia:

Cause: When the electrical signals to the heart that coordinate heartbeats are not working properly, arrhythmia occurs.

• palpitations
• shortness of breath
• chest pain
• lightheadedness
• sudden weakness

Treatment: Antiarrhythmic drugs. These drugs control heart rate and include beta-blockers, anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy

Blood clots

Cause:  Certain parts of the blood thicken to form semi-solid mass

Symptoms:

• swelling
• pain
• tenderness
• a warm sensation
• reddish discoloration

Treatments: Blood thinners, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics, and antiplatelet medications.

Heart failure

Cause: Heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should and other conditions like narrowed arteries in the heart or high blood pressure.

Symptoms:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Swelling (edema) in your legs, ankles and feet
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Reduced ability to exercise
• Persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink blood-tinged phlegm
• Increased need to urinate at night
• Swelling of your abdomen (ascites)
• Very rapid weight gain from fluid retention
• Lack of appetite and nausea

Treatments: Carvedilol (Coreg), metoprolol (Lopressor) and bisoprolol