Question

Using no more than this page, explain how one molecule of glucose is used to make ATP. I am interested here in the three processes (there should be 3 separate paragraphs), where in the cell those processes occur, the yield of ATP in each process, and any special “super” molecules that are formed in the process and what their purpose is. Make sure to explain the process that creates the majority of the ATP yield and why we need oxygen in that process. Pyruvate and acetyl CoA must also be mentioned where it belongs in the discussion. Also be sure to discuss any waste products formed. Not interested in drawings or bullet points or outlines, not what you can copy from a book or the internet.

Answer 1

Ans : CELLULAR RESPIRATION ;

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.^[2] The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy because weak high-energy bonds, in particular in molecular oxygen are replaced by stronger bonds in the products

  Glycolysis. In glycolysis, glucose—a six-carbon sugar undergoes a series of chemical transformations. In the end, it gets converted into two molecules of pyruvate, a three carbon organic molecule. In these reactions, ATP is made.

Pyruvate oxidation. Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the mitochondrial matrix the innermost compartment of mitochondria. There, it’s converted into a two-carbon molecule bound to Coenzyme A, known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released and NADH is generated.

Citric acid cycle. The acetyl CoA made in the last step combines with a four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions, ultimately regenerating the four-carbon starting molecule. ATP ,NADH And FADH2 and carbon dioxide is released.

Oxidative Phosphorylation : the ATP NADH and FADH2in other steps deposit their electrons in the electron transport chain, turning back into their As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water

Hence oxygen is required.