Question

Can someone go over and explain all the intermolecular forces? Please give an example of each.

Answer 1

intermolucular forces -

itermolecular force is attracton force between molecules.

i) Dipole-dipole intraction -

dipole-dipole intraction result in force of attraction between nabouring molecule having permanant dipole moment .the origin of dipole-dipole intraction is electrostatic force of attraction.

for example - HCl

Cl have more electronegativity than H therefore shaired pair of electron more attracted toward Cl atom and Cl get partial negative charge and H get partioal possitive charge. thus Cl of one molecule attract H of another molecule and H of one molecule attract Cl of another molecule this force is dipole-dipole intraction

⁺H - Cl^-  ---------- ⁺H - Cl^----------- ⁺H - Cl^-

iia) dipole-induced dipole intraction -

the intraction take place between polar molecule having permanant dipole moment and nonpolar molecule havnig zero dipole moment. when polar and nonpolar molecule approach each other polar molecule induce dipole in nonpolar molecule the electronic charge cloud distorted and temporary sepration of charges take place and force of attraction developed called dipole-induced dipole intraction

for example - HCl is polar and Ar is nonpolar due to polar character of HCl temporary Ar become polarised

H⁺ - Cl^-   ------------ ⁺ Ar ^-

iib)Ion-dipole intraction -

any ion cation or anion ntract with oppositely site of polar molecule to develope force of attraction between ion and polar molecule called ion dipole ntraction

for example - oxygen atom of water attaract toward Na⁺ ion so there 6 molecule of H₂O surrounded around Na⁺ ion. and hydrogen atom attracted toward Cl^- ion so there 6 molecule of H₂O surrounded around Cl^- ion

iii) dispersion force or lonson force

in all type ie. polar, nonpolar, monoatomc molecule when thay are in collection the instantanuoes dipole may induce temporary dipole in the molecule in the vicinity and then intract with these induuced dipole called dispersive foece. thay prasent in all type of molecule

iv) Hydrogen bonding -

when in molecule hydrogen bonded to For N or O hydrogen get partial possitive charge and F,N and O get partioal negative charge due to electronegatvity diffrrence between them therefore H atom of one molecule form hydrogen bond with F or N or O atom of another molecule called hydrogen bonding.

for example

- F - H⁺  -------- F^- - H⁺ --------F^- - H⁺