Question

Given that cardiac output (CO) is determined by two variables, heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV), compare a size-paired aerobically trained individual’s cardiac output (and associated HR and SV) with that of an untrained individual at various paired workloads: rest, moderate intensity exercise and COmax. (Vo2max)

Answer 1

Please find the answer below .

During rest in a aerobically trained individual the heart rate will be low because there is stroke volume that is the amount of blood ejected from left ventricle is high enough to supply the blood all over the body . therefore cardiac output is low compared to an untrained individual . In untrained individual the heart rate is higher than aerobically fit individual because there stroke volume will be less compared to aerobically fit individual and therefore cardiac output will be higher than aerobically trained individual .

During exercise for a non-trained individual to supply more blood to the exercising muscle heart rate will increase with slighter increase in stroke volume . therefore cardiac output also increases . For aerobically trained individual since the stroke volume is high heart rate will increase slightly but not as as much as untrained individual .

During Vo2 max or maximum exercise intensity the untrained individual try to cope up by increasing heart rate but it can’t improve much cardiac output compared to aerobically trained individual . So the VO2 max will be lower for untrained individual . In aerobically trained individual both the increase in heart rate and stroke volume can help to improve the cardiac output and to achieve a high VO2 max. during maximum training