Question

1. how does the kidney compensate for respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?

2.how does the lungs compensate for respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?

3. what are the effect of hyperventilation and hypoventilation on blood ph?

4. can you solve blood gases and determine if there is compensation or not?

Answer 1

1. Kidney compensate for repiratory acidosis and alkalosis by changing the amout of HCO3- excretion or generation.

In response to respiratory alkalosis - kiney compensate by loosing HCO3-

In response to respiratory acidosi - kidney compensate by synthsing more HCO3- and preventing renal loss of bicarbonate.

2. Lung compensate for metabolic acidosis or alkalosing by increasing or decreasing the respiratory rate and hence CO2 concentration.

In response to metabolic acidosis - Lungs increase the respiratory rate and depth and hence CO2 washout, leading to repiratory alkalosis

In response to metabolic alkalosis - Lungs decrease the respiratory rate and dept and hence CO2 retention, leading ot respiratory acidosis.

3. Hyperventilation - leads to wash out of CO2, hence lead to alkalosis i.e. Increase in pH.

Hypoventilation - leads to CO2 retention, hence lead to acidosis i.e. decrese in pH.

4. YES, we can calculate the expected compensation and detrmine whether the ABG is compensated or not.

Compensation in case of metabolic disorder :(by lungs altering CO2)

Expected pCO2 = 15 + HCO3-

Compensation in case of respiratory disorder :(by kidney altering HCO3-)

Expected HCO3- is given by relation that, every 10 unit change in partial pressure of CO2, 1 bicarbonate is generated or lost.