Why
is it useful to carry out steam distillation rather than simple
distillation or fractional distillation to isolate essential oils
from spices? Why not just use direct extraction of the spices with
dichloromethane or other organic solvent?
Describe the process of simple distillation and fractional
distillation. Explain the differences between the distillations and
why each procedure works the way it does.
a. Discuss which technique,
simple distillation or fractional distillation, shall be the most
efficient on purifying the mixture of solvents? Elaborate
(4 points)
b. Which solvent should be
distillated first, cyclohexane or Toluene? Elaborate.(3 point)
c. How the RI measurements support
(or not?) your expectations in the item b? (2.5 points)
d. Making use of the RI
measurements, explain if your distillation was successful. (3
points)
RI values:
Fraction
Observed Refractive Index (n20D)
Corrected Refractive Index (n20D)
Fraction 1...
(1) Explain the difference between simple distillation and
fractional distillation. Which method was more effective at
separating the components of your mixtures? How were you able to
determine a difference if one was present? Why was there a
difference between the two methods if one was present?
(2) Explain in some detail (words and pictures) how each of the
three following variables would affect the retention times of a
mixture of ethylene glycol and 1-bromobutane
(a) Flow rate of helium...
Consider the cross: A/a; b/b; C/c; D/d; E/e x A/a; B/b; c/c;
D/d; e/e
a) what proportion of the progeny will phenotypically resemble
the first parent?
b) what proportion of the progeny will genotypically resemble
neither parent?