Question

Wounds on the planter surface of the foot are normally associated with which of the following?

Question 43 options:

	1) type 3 hypersensitivity response
	2) peripheral neuropathy
	3) excessive weight bearing
	4) hyperesthesia

All body mass index measurement less than 24.9 are normal.

Question 44 options:

	1) True
	2) False

Twelve months after the last menstrual period represents which of the following?

Question 47 options:

	1) beginning of menopause
	2) beginning of peripause
	3) menopause
	4) end of menopause

A loss of which of the following results in an increased susceptibility to infections in nephrotic syndrome?

Question 48 options:

	1) fibrinogen
	2) albumin
	3) alpha globulins
	4) beta globulins
	5) gamma globulins

A patient with Lupus Erythematosus may demonstrate an increased in which of the following?

Question 49 options:

	1) unconjugated bilirubin
	2) dimerized bilirubin
	3) urobilinogen
	4) conjugated bilirubin

Answer 1

QUESTION 43

Option 2 is correct

Justification: Wounds on the plantar surface of foot are associated with peripheral neuropathy due to repetitive mechanical forces of gait leading to preulcerative lesion in the neuropathic foot called 'callus'. So, neuropathic ulcers occur on tha plantar surface of foot under the metatarsal heads.

Justification for incorrect options:

• Option 1 is incorrect because type II hypersensitivity will not cause wounds on the foot. Type II hypersensitivity occurs due to damage caused to the host tissue by cellular lysis. This hypersensitivity will lead to some allergic reactions in red blood cells but will not cause any wounds on the plantar surface of foot.
• Option 3 is incorrect because excessive weight bearing will not cause wounds on the plantar surface of foot. In fact, excess weight helps to heal the wound but will not cause wound.
• Option 4 is incorrect because hyperesthesia is a condition of increased sensitivity of senses like sound, touch and smell. Drinking too much alcohol or coffee can cause this. It causes pain but will not lead to wounds on foot.

QUESTION 44

The given statement is "FALSE".

Justification: The body mass index (BMI) is a value derived by calculating the height and weight of a person. The given statement is false because NOT all the body mass index (BMI) below the value of 24.9 is considered normal. The BMI index value ranging between 18.5-24.9 is considered as normal or healthy weight and the BMI value below 18.5 is considered as underweight.

QUESTION 47

Option 3 (Menopause) is correct

Justification: Twelve months after the last menstrual period represents the menopause. Menopause is confirmed 12 months after the last menstrual period.

Justification for incorrect options:

• Options 1 and 4 are incorrect because there will not be any time period representing the beginning and end of menopause. Menopause is confirmed 12 months after the last menstrual period. There are no beginning and end stages for menopause. The average age for menopause is 51 years but it also may occur early in 30s or late in 60s.
• Option 2 is incorrect because beginning of peripause is the time period 'around menopause'. This stage takes place 12 months before last menstrual period but not 12 months after last menstrual period.

QUESTION 48

Option 2 (albumin) is correct

Justification: Increased susceptibility to infections in nephrotic syndrome will be due to proteinuria, which means the loss of proteins in urine. Proteins from blood like albumin gets leaked into urine due to damage of glomeruli. In nephrotic syndrome, loss of about 3 grams of protein albumin will get leaked into urine due to the damage of glomeruli. So, this can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

Justification for incorrect options:

• Option 1 is incorrect because loss of fibrinogen can lead to thrombosis, due to increase in coagulation activity and this can cause formation of blood clot inside blood vessel. This can lead to serious medical conditions like heart stroke but, loss of fibrinogen will NOT increase susceptibility to infections.
• Options 3, 4 and 5 are incorrect because loss or low levels of alpha, beta and gamma globulins leads to liver or kidney diseases but will NOT result in increased susceptibility to infections. In fact, high levels of these globulins can lead to infections but NOT low levels.

Thank you!