Question

Contribution Margin, Break-Even Sales, Cost-Volume-Profit Chart, Margin of Safety, and Operating Leverage

Belmain Co. expects to maintain the same inventories at the end of 20Y7 as at the beginning of the year. The total of all production costs for the year is therefore assumed to be equal to the cost of goods sold. With this in mind, the various department heads were asked to submit estimates of the costs for their departments during the year. A summary report of these estimates is as follows:

		Estimated Fixed Cost			Estimated Variable Cost (per unit sold)
Production costs:
	Direct materials				$30
	Direct labor				20
	Factory overhead	$219,300			15
Selling expenses:
	Sales salaries and commissions	45,600			7
	Advertising	15,400
	Travel	3,400
	Miscellaneous selling expense	3,800			6
Administrative expenses:
	Office and officers' salaries	44,600
	Supplies	5,500			3
	Miscellaneous administrative expense	5,120			3
	Total	$342,720			$84

It is expected that 7,480 units will be sold at a price of $168 a unit. Maximum sales within the relevant range are 9,000 units.

Required:

1. Prepare an estimated income statement for 20Y7.

Belmain Co.
Estimated Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y7
			$
Cost of goods sold:
		$
Total cost of goods sold
Gross profit			$
Expenses:
Selling expenses:
	$
Total selling expenses		$
Administrative expenses:
	$
Total administrative expenses
Total expenses
Income from operations			$

2. What is the expected contribution margin ratio? Round to the nearest whole percent.
%

3. Determine the break-even sales in units and dollars.

Units	units
Dollars	units

4. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart on your own paper. What is the break-even sales?
$

5. What is the expected margin of safety in dollars and as a percentage of sales?

Dollars:	$
Percentage: (Round to the nearest whole percent.)		%

6. Determine the operating leverage. Round to one decimal place.

Break-Even Sales and Cost-Volume-Profit Chart

For the coming year, Cleves Company anticipates a unit selling price of $140, a unit variable cost of $70, and fixed costs of $749,000.

Required:

1. Compute the anticipated break-even sales in units.
units

2. Compute the sales (units) required to realize income from operations of $378,000.
units

3. Construct a cost-volume-profit chart, assuming maximum sales of 21,400 units within the relevant range. From your chart, indicate whether each of the following sales levels would produce a profit, a loss, or break-even.

$2,100,000
$1,876,000
$1,498,000
$1,120,000
$896,000

4. Determine the probable income (loss) from operations if sales total 17,100 units. If required, use the minus sign to indicate a loss.
$

Answer 1