Question

List the following information for: CF2H2, HCN, HCOCl, HOCl

1) # of valence electrons

2) Central atom

3) VSPER electron groups on central atom

4. # bonding groups on central atom

5. molecular geometry

6. polar or non-polar

Answer 1

1) The central atom is Carbon in CF2H2.

The no.of valence elctrons in C ground state are: 1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz0

in exited state the electronic configuration is: 1s2 2s1 2px1 2py1 2pz1

Hence valence orbitals 2s and 2p will overlap with each other and form four sp3 hybrid orbitals.

Two sp3 hybrib orbitals overlap with 1s orbital of H-atom and remaining two sp3 hybrid orbitals overlap with p-orbital of F-atoms.

Hence the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral with zero lone pairs.

molecule is non-polar with zero dipole moment.

2) in HCN the central atom is C with the sp hybridisation.

The shape of the molecule is linear.

No. of lone pairs on the central atom are zero.

The molecule is polar with net dipole moment.

3)HCOCl:

The central atom is Carbon.

the hybridisation is sp2 in the central atom.

shape of the molecule is trigonal planar

the molecule is polar with net dipole moment.

4) In HOCl the central atom is O.

The hybridisation of the central atom is sp3 with two lone pairs.

The geometry of the molecule is V-shape.

The molecular is polar with net dipole moment.