Question

B. Describe the response by the respiratory system, specifically alterations of the respiratory rate, to increased pH and decreased pH and how the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen vary with changes in pH.   

C. Using partial pressures, describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and the tissues.

D. Discuss the effects of pH and temperature changes on the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin.

Answer 1

B)Decrease in pH will increase the Respiratory Rate because,

the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the blood will be High , it will stimulate the Central chemoreceptor present in the brain ----------> send signal to the Respiratory centers in the medulla and pons----> increase Rate and Depth of Respiration.

Increase in pH , decreases the Respiratory Rate because

Increasing pH is called Alkalosis , it is compensated by Respiratory system by reducing the Respiratory rate , so that the concentration of the CO2 in the blood can be increased. CO2 will combine with the water to form H+ ions it will decrease the pH to normal.

C) IN LUNGS

in lungs the partial pressure of Oxygen is High and partial pressure of carbon dioxide is low, so the Oxygen will move from the lungs to the Pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide will move from the pulmonary capillaries to the lungs

IN TISSUE

the partial pressure of Oxygen is Low and partial pressure of carbon dioxide is High, so the Oxygen will move from the Blood to the Tissue and carbon dioxide will move from theTissue to the Blood.

D)Oxygen dissociation curve refers to the relation of Hemoglobin affinity to Oxygen with the Partial pressure of oxygen .

Oxygen dissociation curve will Shift to RIGHT( Reduced affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen that cause dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin)

1) when the temperature is increased

2)pH is increased

3)pCO2 is increased

4)2,3 DPG level is increased.