Question

Harry was sitting in class and asked the teacher if he could sit closer up because he couldn’t see anything from the back of the class. The teacher said he should go to the eye doctor during spring break. Harry decided to go the next day and the doctor told him he needed glasses to fix his problem of being unable to see from a distance.

1. What is the issue?

A) He is far sighted (hyperopia)

B) He is nearsighted (myopia)

C) His lenses are really weak and is not refracting fast enough

D) He would need a convex lens to fix the issue

E) Two of the above

F) Three of the above

2. After getting his glasses, Harry decided to get a 40$ plane ticket to Miami during COVID-19 with his friends because it was still spring break! Really smart guy! In the airplane, he started having pain in his ear and could barely hear anything. Which of the following is true in what he was experiencing in the plane?

A) The pressure in the external ear wasn’t equal to the pressure in the inner ear

B) The auditory ossicles cannot take the vibration from the tympanic membrane, amplify it and transfer it to the oval window.

C) He could pinch his nose so he can force air to the eustachian tubes

D) The tympanic membrane was still freely vibrating.

E) Two of the above

F) Three of the above

3. Two hours later, Harry needed to go to the bathroom. Unfortunately, he couldn’t leave because the person next to him was sleeping almost the whole flight! He was coming from Greece so it was a really long flight. The man next to him finally got up so he could leave, however, Harry passed out within seconds. What might have caused this?

A) He was experiencing a form of hypotension and needed to get his arterioles to vasodilate to decrease resistance.

B) His body was really used to the high BP setting of sitting down and having to work very hard to get blood to the brain.

C) His heart couldn’t adjust quickly enough and he couldn’t get enough blood to the brain.

D) Two of the above

E) None of the above

Answer 1

1. Option b is correct. Hence it's the answer

Option a,c,d,e,f isnt correct

Myopia is condition in which close objects appear clearly, but far ones don't.

Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long, relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye. Due to this light rays focus at a point in front of the retina.

2. Option E is the answer

Option a is correct because in higher altitudes the air pressure decreases substantially. Thus the pressure equilibrium is disturbed between external and internal ear

Option b is wrong

Option c is right because pinching of nose is applied in many maneuvers to equalise the pressure. The Toynbee maneuver in which pinching the nose and swallowing is adviced, The Valsalva maneuver in which pinching person is adviced to pinch the nose and close the mouth and try to breathe out through the nose

Option D is wrong because the eardrum does not vibrate freely unless there is equal pressure on both of its surfaces.

3. Option c is right and hence it's the answer

Immediately on standing, the arterial pressure in the head and upper part of the body tends to fall, and marked reduction of this pressure could cause loss of consciousness.

However, the falling pressure at the baroreceptors elicits an immediate reflex, resulting in strong sympathetic discharge throughout the body. This minimizes the decrease in pressure in the head and upper body.

heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure like bradycardia, heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions prevent the body from responding rapidly enough to pump more blood when standing