Question

For cellular network Base station sites locations, Antenna specification, mention the area type considering the cell size (suburban, urban, rural etc) and justify your design?

Answer 1

In case of low urban area or rural area, the use of large cell is recommended. Since this regions have a large visibility to the surrounding. Hence, the RF signal can able to propagate over larger distance and large cells are implemented. In rural areas the sites are located at larger distance. The antenna are mostly planned above the maximum height of the surrounding and the cell radius is more than 3 kms.

In the sub urban areas, the expected area that it can cover is upto couple of kms. Moreover, the capacity requirements are high and allows wider coverage. Usually, small cells are used in this region and the antenna is being placed over the median and below the maximum height of the surrounding clutter.

In case of urban areas, micro cells are used for the purpose. The expected area to be covered is very small. Since there will be always high traffic density and there should be very low traffic interference the antennas are well placed below the average terrain height which actually ensures the target area to be visible from the lower height. The entire focus is given to the building coverage along with very small area. Hence micro cells are the perfect fir to this.