Question

1. Which animal has the least extensive uterine horns
   1. Pig
   2. Cat
   3. Dog
   4. Horse
2. Lipase from the pancreas, is necessary for the digestion of lipids
   1. True
   2. False
3. A gallbladder is necessary for lipid digestion
   1. True
   2. False
4. Which is not associated with the monogastric stomach
   1. Microvilli
   2. Three layers of muscularis
   3. Rugae
   4. Crypts
5. The streak canal connects the alveoli to the gland cistern
   1. True
   2. False
6. A disorder affecting the functionality of mucous cells may result in
   1. Increased peristalsis
   2. Ulceration of the gastric mucosa
   3. Decreased peristalsis
   4. Inability to digest lipids
7. After nutrients have been absorbed into villi capillaries, they next go to the
   1. Hepatic artery
   2. Caudal vena cava
   3. Portal vein
   4. Central vein

Answer 1

1. Dogs have got least extensive uterine horns when compared to other given animals with an average length of 7 cm (Option C).

2. It is true that pancreatic lipase is necessary for digestion of lipids. Lipids are emulsified by bile acids priorly and then the pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes them to form free fatty acids and monoglycerides.

3. It is true that gall bladder is necessary for lipid digestion, as it stores bile. Whenever food enters duodenum, it releases bile acids into the duodenum for emusification of fat. Without gall bladder, the bile cannot be stored and continuously released into duodenum and is not sufficient for lipid digestion.

4. Monogastric stomach have no microvilli, which is a feature of small intestinal epithelial cells. Stomach has three layers of muscularis externa (oblique, circular and longitudinal layers), rugae and crypts commonly known as gastric pits (Option A).

5. It is false that streak canal connects the alveoli to the gland cistern. Streak canal connects internal mammary system to the outside environment. The gland cistern where milk is stored, open to the outside through this streak canal.

6. A disorder affecting the functionality of mucous cells may result in ulceration of gastric mucosa as the mucus is not secreted from those cells, which prevents forming a mucus barrier inside the stomach, thus allowing the HCl secreted by the parietal cells to erode the mucosa resulting in an ulcer and bleeding, sometimes extensively (Option B).

7. After absorption of the nutrients into villi capillaries, they next go to hepatic portal vein, which forms a major part of hepatic portal system. Through portal vein, the nutrients enter liver (Option C).