Question

Under the influence of ____ ,the functional layerof the endometrium proliferates

a.progesterone

b. estrogen

c. FSH

D. LH

Answer 1

Under the influence of _ _ _ , the functional layer of endometrium proliferates

Answer: b) estrogen.

Explanation: Endometrium is the lining of the uterine cavity. It is made up for columnar epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue stroma that contains blood vessels and glands. The endometrium has two layers namely stratum basalis which is the basal layer towards the myometrium (middle muscular layer) and stratum functionalis which is the endometrial layer towards the uterine cavity which grows on stratum basalis.

During proliferative phase of menstrual (ovarian) cycle, the functional layer of endometrium proliferates under the influence of hormone estrogen secreted by granulosa cells of developing follicle in the ovary. There is development and proliferation of arteries, glands and connective tissue in functional layer of endometrium which helps in preparing the uterus of implantation of embryo, if fertilization occurs.

Progesterone helps in further development and growth of functional layer of endometrium during the luteal (secretory) phase of menstrual cycle post ovulation. Progesterone is secreted by corpus luteum. After ovulation, the mature Graafian follilce gets converted into corpus luteum which secretes progesterone.  

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted by anterior pituitary gland which promotes the recruitment and development of ovarian follicles during the follicular phase of ovarian cycle.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by anterior pituitary gland and a sudden rise in LH level midway in the ovarian cycle causes ovulation (rupture of mature Graafian follicle and release of ovum).