Question
In: Anatomy and Physiology
How does countercurrent multiplication maintain a concentration gradient that increases water reabsorption by the kidneys?
How does countercurrent multiplication maintain a concentration gradient that increases water reabsorption by the kidneys?
Solutions
Expert Solution
Answer
Loop of Henle is the part of the nephron that functions as a countercurrent multiplier.
There are two segments of the loop of Henle :
- Descending limb
- Ascending limb
- The ascending limb of the loop is
permeable to solutes but impermeable to
water.
- There is active reabsoption of NaCl at this site.
- As a result concentration of interstitial fluid increases.
- Descending limb of the loop is permeable
to water but impermeable to the solutes. As the
interstitial fluid is more concentrated, water flows into the
interstitium (reabsorption) at the descending limb.
- The filtrate gets more and more concentrated as it moves down to
the bending end of the loop.
- When concentrated filtrate moves upwards, in ascending limb, NaCl
follows their concentration gradient and leaves the tubule
lumen.
This is the countercurrent multiplication.
The repeated events of reabsorption of water and NaCl in the loop of Henle, works as a positive feedback mechansim that promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys.
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