Question

Identify 3 upper respiratory tract organs. For each, describe one important structural characteristic (could be a tissue type within the wall or a more unique structure/part) that is important for its function in that location. Include a brief comment connecting the characteristic to its functional role.

Answer 1

Answer

The three upper respiratory tract organs are :

1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx

1) Nose / Nasal cavity

• It contains ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium. The cells of this epithelium are tall column-shaped with extensions from plasma membrane called cilia.
• There are also goblet cells present inbetween columnar cells.
• Goblet cells secrete mucus to trap the foreign particles entering the nasal cavity and ciliary movement propel pathogens or foreign particles along with mucus towards nasal opening.
• This prevents entry of pathogens or foreign particles in the airways.

2) Pharynx

• Pharynx is divided into 3 parts.
  - Nasopharynx
  - Oropharynx
  - Laryngopharynx
• Nasopharynx is at the posterior aspect of nasal caviy and serves ad passageway for air.
• Oropharynx is at the posterior aspect of oral cavity and serves ad passageway for both food and air.
• Oropharynx leads to laryngopharynx that directs the passage of food into esophagus and passage of air into the larynx.

3) Larynx

• Larynx contains a leaf shaped attachment at it opening called epiglottis. It is made up of elastic cartilage.
• Epiglottis works as a flap to close the laryngeal opening during the swallowing of food.
• This prevents the entry of food and water into the respiratory tract.