Question

A)Know where each of the following carries blood to and from, and if the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated...

1:left common carotid artery

2: Interatrial septum

B) For each chamber of the heart where does it deliver blood during systole, where it receives blood during diastole

Answer 1

A. 1. The left common carotid artery carries blood from the Arch of Aorta to the head and neck. It carries oxygenated blood. Carotid arteries are divided into external and internal carotid arteries. The external carotid artery supplies blood to neck and face. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the cranial cavity (pituitary gland, cerebral hemispheres)

2. The interatrial septum is the tissue wall that separates the left atrium and right atrium in the heart.

B.

the cardiac cycle can be divided into 3 phases:

1. auricular diastole (AD) and ventricular diastole (VD):

this phase lies for 0.4 sec. The atria which remain in diastole condition are filled up from their respective veins. 70% of this blood flows passively into ventricles which are also in diastolic condition.

2. auricular systole (AS) and ventricular diastole (VD):

now the auricles start to contract and this contraction pushes this rest 30% of the blood into respective ventricles which are still in the diastolic phase.

3. ventricular systole (VS) and auricular diastole (AD):

in this phase, which lies for 0.3 sec, auricles start to relax (diastole) while ventricles start to contract. At the start of the ventricular contraction, the 2 AV walls present between auricles and ventricles get closed and this produces the first heart sound, which is louder and longer (Lub).

now the blood starts to flow into arteries by their respective ventricles due to the opening of semilunar valves situated between ventricles and respective arteries.

at the end of VS, pressure decreases in the ventricles, and in response to that, the 2 semilunar valves are closed, which produces a 2nd heart sound, slower and shorter (Dub).

this closure of semilunar valves prevents the backflow of blood from arteries to their respective ventricles. this completes a cardiac cycle.