A patient in the hospital appears disoriented and is complaining of severe diarrhoea. What do you...

A patient in the hospital appears disoriented and is complaining of severe diarrhoea. What do you think is working with this patient? How he will the patient's body attempt to compensate for this problem? (answer this from an acid/base perspective, do not assume symptoms that are not mentioned in the question)

Expert Solution

The most common cause of severe diarrhoea could be a virus that infects the bowel known as viral gastroenterititis, or could be due to bacteria.Gastroenteritis is a general term to describe watery diarrhoea that may be accompanied by abdominal cramping, nausea and vomiting.In the USA 45% of the people complaining of diarrhoea are found to have Campylobacter infections.Gastroentritis can be accompained by mental confusion and disorientation.

Diarrhea can cause a variety of fluid volume, acid-base, electrolyte abnormalities and dehydration. Severe diarrhoea can result in a condition known as metabolic acidosis, this mainly occurs due to loss of bicarbonate ions from the G.I tract due to diarrhoea. Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.

As a compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis, your body combines acid with the hydrogen ion's buffer, known as bicarbonate, in order to neutralize the acid. This combination then gets converted to carbon dioxide,the lungs start to hyperventillate, i.e increases in rate and depth of breathing, so that acidic CO2 is driven out of the body, this compensation is known as compensatory respiratory alkalosis.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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