Question

1. Body fat results from the upper and lower body BIA scale are typically higher than body fat results from hydrostatic weighing. This suggests there is a problem with which of the following?

a.) Reliability of the upper and lower body BIA scale.

b.) Objectivity of the upper and lower body BIA scale

c.) Stability of the upper and lower body BIA scale

d.) Validity of the upper and lower body BIA scale

2. Considering the entire range, which of the following is considered healthy for adult men and women, aged 18-34 years?

a.) 3-7% body fat for men, 8-18% body fat for women

b.) 5-10% body fat for men, 10-15% body fat for women

c.) 8-18% body fat for men, 20-30% body fat for women

d.) 19-26% body fat for men, 27-37% body fat for women

3. Which of the following is associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease?

a.) Total Cholesterol <220 mg/dl, TC/HDL<5

b.) Total Cholesterol <200 mg/dl, TC/HDL <3.5

c.) Total Cholesterol <200 mg/dl, TC/HDL >4

d.) Total Cholesterol >200 mg/dl, TC/HDL >3.5

Answer 1

1.a.) Reliability of the upper and lower body BIA scale.

Hydrostatic weighing method for body mass is used as a more accurate method compare to the BIA scale (biolelectrical impedance analysis). Hydrostatic weighing methods consider the density of fat mass and fat free mass parameter in constant. BIA can't hit ,if the fat amount is larger beneath the skin and thus electric current may pass through the internal body organs.

2.c.) 8-18% body fat for men, 20-30% body fat for women

The men have lower body fat in comaprison to the women. The increased body fat in women is related to the reproduction mechanism and metabolism.

3.b.) Total Cholesterol <200 mg/dl, TC/HDL <3.5

Cholesterol get transported to either to arteries or to the liver .High density protein (Good cholesterol) transports the cholesterol to the liver for excretion from the body whereas the low density protein (bad cholesterol) transport the cholesterol to the arteries where they build up into plaque and block the arteries. Thus having more HDL is helpful for body and have lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. The total cholesterol should be less than the 2oo mg/dL for normal adults. The HDL should be less than the 50 mg/dL. Thus, TC/HDL = <200/ <50 = < 4 mg/dL which is here in option b.