Question

1. A broad, dense bacterial cell wall 20-80 nm thick and consisting of numerous interconnecting layers of peptidoglycan. Interwoven in the cell wall are teichoic acids. (2 words)
2. An exoenzyme that hydrolizes starch is called a __________.
5. The fortht reagent used during gram staining is__________.
6. In carbohydrate fermentation, the Durham tube is used to detect the production of _________.
7. During protein hydrolysis, proteins are broken down into ______________. (2 words)
8. An anaerobic process during which carbohydrates are broken down for energy production.
9. Gram-positive bacteria stain _______ after gram staining.
11. Axial filaments are iInternal flagella found only in __________.
12. Completely surrounded by flagella.
14. A single flagellum at both poles.
15. A genus of bacterium that produces endospores.
16. A microscope that uses special optics convert slight variations in specimen thickness into corresponding visible variation in brightness. Thus, the bacterium and its structures appear darker than the background. (2 words)

Answer 1

Answer:

2. An exoenzyme that hydrolyze starch is called as amylase. Exoenzymes are extracellular enzymes that are secreted outside by a cell and function outside of the cell. Amylase cleaves the starch into maltose.

3. The fourth reagent used during gram staining is Safranin. Gram staining is used to differentiates bacteria into gram positive or gram negative.

4. In carbohydrate fermentation, the Durham tube is used to detect the production of gas. Carbohydrate fermentation test is used to detect whether a bacteria is capable of fermenting a carbohydrate or not. Durham tube is an inverted tube that is inserted in to the medium to detect gas production.

5. During protein hydrolysis, proteins are broken down into amino acids. Protein are made of amino acids that attached to each other by peptide bonds. Protein hydrolysis involves hydrolysis of peptide bond and release of amino acids.

7. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple after gram staining. Gram-positive bacteria have thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan that retain the crystal violet stain and appears purple during gram staining.

8. Axial filaments are internal flagella found only in spirochetes. They are used for locomotion.

9. Flagella that is surrounded completely is called as peritrichous.

10. A single flagellum at both poles is called amphitrichous.

11. A genus of bacterium that produces endospores is Clostridium. Endospores are dormant structures.

12. A microscope that uses special optics convert slight variations in specimen thickness into corresponding visible variation in brightness is phase-contrast microscope. This microscope is used to see the structure of the cell that is not visible by bright field microscope.