Question

Below are symptoms of a patient related to the Digestive System and Metabolism. Each person needs to answer all of these and then reply substantially to their teammates. As a team you should come to a final conclusion on all 3 questions in regards to the Patient and the symptoms. *Only the people in your group/team can see your discussions. Based on the symptoms answer the following questions:

1. Identify all anatomical structures related to and/or that are being affected based on the patient case information. (i.e. tissues, organs, vessels, brain components, membranes)
2. Explain how the anatomical structures and their physiological function/dysfunction are interrelated normally and what is going wrong with the structures in this current patient case information.
3. Identify and explain possible a diagnosis and what can be done to fix or reverse the current situation described in the patient case information. Please be specific and detailed.

Patient Case (Initial Review):

Noah is a 12 year old boy who lives in a rural town. Noah has been having the following symptoms:

• Stomach pain in the form of a burning sensation, it especially hurts when he hasn't eaten in a while
• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Frequent burping
• Bloating
• Unintentional weight loss - Noah has lost 15 lbs.

Noah is taking a trip in to the city to see a doctor to see what he can find out. (That information is below). Please post before I add this additional information.

*Remember to view this situation through the lens of the Digestive Systems and Metabolism, it should drive your inquiry/understanding of what is going on here. More information will be coming from the Doctors below.

Doctors Findings:

The Dr. performed the following diagnostic tests. The findings are below as well.

• Blood test - antibodies for a pathogen found
• Stool test - pathogen antigens found in the stool
• After performing endoscopy of GI, biopsy was taken in the stomach.

Answer 1

After seeing the symptoms of patient and observing diagnostic test, it can be diagnosed that the NOAH is suffering from Gastritis.

Inflammation of gastric mucosa is called Gastritis. It is characterized by inflammation of superficial layers of mucus membrane and infiltration with leucocytes, mostly neutrophils. When this infections is chronic, it can also lead to involvement of deeper layers also.

It results in atrophy of gastric mucosa , with loss of of chief cells and parietal cells of glands . Therefore, the secretion of gastric juice deceases.

There are multiple cause of Gastritis. But here in this case it is due to infection of helicobacter pylori. The antibodies against H.pylori in the blood and the presence of antigen in the stool confirms the infection of this pathogen.

H. Pylori cause type B type of Gastritis. This type of Gastritis starts as an antral predominant Gastritis then it progresses to pangastritis. H . Pylori secret exotoxin like vacA and cagA which cause injury to gastric mucosa.

Symptoms of Gastritis are-

1. Epigastric pain.

2. Nausea.

3. Vomiting

4. Anorexia (loss of appetite).

5. Indigestion

6. Discomfort and feeling of fullness.

7. Belching.

8. Diffused burning sensation.

Treatment includes giving antibiotics to kill the bacteria such as clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are given to treat heart burn.