Question

27.) Tom is in respiratory arrest due to an electrical shock. Why does a Good Samaritan have about 4 to 5 minutes to begin CPR?

there is an reserve of oxygen in Tom's tissues

the ambient PO₂ in the lungs can support life that long

there is a reserve of oxygen in Tom's blood bound to hemoglobin

the Haldane effect lasts up to 5 minutes

Tom's hypoxic drive will keep him alive for up to 5 minutes

28.) The addition of CO₂ to the blood generates ___ ions in the red blood cells, which in turn stimulates them to unload more oxygen.

sodium

hydrogen

potassium

nitrogen

chloride

29.) The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT

the alveoli

the secondary bronchi

the terminal bronchioles.

the larynx.

the primary bronchi.

30.) The blood transports more CO₂ in the form of ___ than in any other form.

bisphosphocarbonate

dissolved CO₂ gas

carbaminohemoglobin

bicarbonate ions

carboxyhemoglobin

31.) Which of the following in not a driver for the unloading of O₂ from oxyhemoglobin?

increased temperature

increased bisphosphoglycerate (BPG); also called diphosphoglycerate (DPG)

increased partial pressue of CO₂

increased acid (lower pH)

increased partial pressure of O₂

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer 27. Option A (there is a reserve; venous of oxygen in Tom’s tissues)

Explanation: CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and it is a technique of artificial ventilation wherein the spontaneous circulation of blood within the body needs to be restored. However, a good would begin the process with a slight delay of around 4-5 minutes. This is due to the reason that the venous reserves which were still prevalent in the person’s body would take some time for getting diffused

Answer 28. Option B (Hydrogen)

Explanation: The CO2 gets mixed with the plasma and the RBCs of the blood and there upon leads to the formation of products like bicarbonate ions. Their formation remains associated and linked with the release of the H+ ions which brings upon the pH changes and likewise leads to the dissociation of the oxygen and facilitate transportation of Co2

Answer 29. Option A (the alveoli)

Explanation: The conduction of the respiratory gases within the human body is mediated by two divisions namely the conducting zone and the respiratory zone.

The conducting zone comprises of the larynx, trachea, the bronchi, and the bronchioles. They help in the conduction of the respiratory gases within the body and the atmosphere. However the respiratory zone is the zone which helps in the gases exchange within the body tissues and the lungs. So it comprises of the alveoli which are located within the lungs

Answer 30. Option C (Bicarbonate ions)

Explanation: CO2 is a major gas which plays a very important role in the breathing processes and it requires to be removed from the body continuously.

CO2 is more soluble as compared to that of the oxygen and hence forth its removal from the body is mediated by 3 ways;

a) Dissolved in the plasma ( 7% of total CO2)

b) Bicarbonate ions (70% of the total CO2) and

c) Carbaminoglobin (nearly 23% of the total CO2)

Answer 31. Option E (increased partial pressure of O2)

Explanation: When oxygen combines with the hemoglobin of the blood; it results into the formation of a product; oxyhemoglobin and the process of its formation is called as Bohr’s effect.

However, as co2 is more soluble than o2, a shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin curve signifies the dissociation of oxygen with hemoglobin. The various factors which stimulate this process are;

a) increase in temperature

b) decrease in the pH

c) increase in the pressure of co2

d) increased concentration of 2,3-BPG

However, the increase in the partial pressure of oxygen signifies the formation of oxyhemoglobin curve; that is shift to the left.