Question

QUESTION 12

To get back at her sister, Tess steals her sister's sweater. Unfortunately, her sister has so many clothes that she didn't even notice. According to Skinner, is this an example of punishment?

	a.	No, because it didn't change the sister's behaviour.
	b.	Yes, because the act of removing the sweater was intended to punish.
	c.	Yes, because the sweater is still missing even if not noticed yet.
	d.	No, because removal of a stimulus is negative reinforcement.

QUESTION 13

According to the Law of Effect, which of the following behaviours should become more common?

	a.	A dog blinking its eyes after a flash of light is presented
	b.	A child throwing a tantrum after being ignored for throwing a tantrum
	c.	A child doing her homework after she was praised for her last homework assignment
	d.	A rat eating after it got a shock for pressing a lever

QUESTION 14

John has to give his cat Garfield a pill every day. He always opens up the pill bottle (which makes a popping sound) and removes one pill before giving it to Garfield, and he follows this by giving him a treat as a reward. After a while, John notices that when he opens up the pill bottle, Garfield comes running to him right away. In this example, the __________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

	a.	pill-taking
	b.	treat
	c.	sound of the pill bottle opening
	d.	cat running to John

QUESTION 15

Use of operant conditioning techniques and applied behaviour analysis (ABA) have been applied extensively to treating which disorder?

	a.	Schizophrenia
	b.	Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
	c.	Phobias
	d.	Autism

QUESTION 16

Carla asked a question in class, and her teacher made a fuss about what a great question it was. After that, Carla never asked another question in class again. This is an example of operant concept?

	a.	negative reinforcement
	b.	negative punishment
	c.	positive punishment
	d.	positive reinforcement

  

QUESTION 17

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?

	a.	Giving a child candy for completing their homework
	b.	Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules
	c.	Removing a child's chores when he or she complete homework
	d.	Giving students a night off from homework if they work hard during class

QUESTION 18

Miranda notices that her cat salivates as soon as her cat hears the sound of the electric can opener. In this example, the sound of the can opener is the

	a.	secondary reinforcer
	b.	positive reinforcer
	c.	conditioned stimulus
	d.	primary stimulus

  QUESTION 19

Dan wants to teach his young son to help with chores. He knows that the little boy isn't ready to do a lot on his own, so Dan just praises his son for small tasks like putting a toy in the toy box or helping to feed the cat. Over time, Dan's standards will get higher as his little boy can handle more complex work. This is an example of which operant concept?

	a.	extinction
	b.	shaping
	c.	negative reinforcement
	d.	fading

QUESTION 20

__________ is any relatively permanent change in behaviour brought about by experience or practice.

	a.	Adaptation
	b.	Learning
	c.	Memory enhancement
	d.	Muscle memory

QUESTION 21

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?

	a.	Learning to like a new band because your best friend likes it
	b.	Feeling nervous when you hear spooky music during a horror movie
	c.	Encouraging a child to do his chores by giving him a cookie when he has completed them
	d.	Reducing a patient's fear of spiders by associating spiders with relaxation

QUESTION 22

Which of the following helps to explain the maintenance of problem behaviours, like staying in an abusive relationship?

	a.	positive punishment
	b.	spontaneous recovery
	c.	partial reinforcement
	d.	extinction

Answer 1

12. Answer is A because punishment is addition of stimulus leading to decrease in behavior that is how its differed from reinforcement.

13. Answer is C because law of effect stated that response that produce satisfying effect is more likely to occur again. This was given by edward thorndike.

14. Answer is B because an unconditional stimulus even when not associated will elicit the same unconditional response.

15. Undoubtedly ABA is applied to autism that is option D

16. Answer is option c because positive punishment is adding something that reduces the likelihood of behavior.

17. Answer is option 1 where we add something that will increase the likelihood of behavior. Here candy is doing the same.

18. Answer is C because according to conditioning theory by pavlov, opening of jar indidcates the coming of food where food will be the unconditional stimulus. Refer to pavlov's classical dog experiment.

19 . Correct answer is B because shaping is successive approximations in behavior. Slowly one by one the child will be able behave as per desirable behavior.

20. Answer is B as this is the definition of learning clearly.

21 Answer is C because operant conditioning uses reinforcement or punishment that increases or reduces likelihood of behavior. The statement here indicates use if a positive reinforcer as a cookie.

22. Answer is C because an abusive relationship is tolerated only when the person is partially or lets say once in a while given something positive and hence it gets maintained overtime