Question

O2, CO2, HCl, NaCl, CH4, C8H18, CH3CH2OH, (CH3)2CHNH3 +Cl- , CH3(CH2)6OH.

Find and compare their molar solubilities (mol/L) in water at ambient conditions. Briefly discuss how solubility is related to molecular structure. Describe possible effects of raising temperature and pressure on solubility of these species.

Answer 1

O2 --> very low solublility in water, since it is a nonpolar gas

CO2 --> low solubiliy, since it s a gas, will form equilbirium with water to form carbonicacid

HCl -> high solubility, since it is a very electronegative hyogen halide

NaCl --> high, since it is ionic, will form cation/anions

CH4 -->  very low solublility in water, since it is a nonpolar gas. Smaller than O2, so it will be slightly more soluble

C8H18 --> this is octane, a nonpolar species, will not be soluble in water due to organic layer formation

CH3CH2OH ---> polar sample, will form hydrogen bonding with water, as well. Very soluble

(CH3)2CHNH3 +Cl- ---> ionic species, will form 100% dissociation

CH3(CH2)6OH --> very low solubility since it is more nonpolar than - polar

b)

If increase in T is done, then, solubility of liquids: increases

solubility of salts (solids) --> increases the mosts

Solubility of gas --> decreases, since gases prefer gas phase