Question

Identify the dependent variable and the independent variable (or variables) and comment on the validity of the implied causal relationship:

1. A study that looks at students’ college GPAs and how they are affected by the students’ number of weekly study hours, high school GPA, and number of weekly hours of extra-curricular activities.

2. A young pitcher wants to understand how she can improve her pitches. She collects data on the number of strikes thrown in a pitched game, the average number of practice pitches per day in the week leading up to a game, the number of hours spent working with her coach the week before the game, and the time spent warming up right before the game.

3. A researcher proposes to study the effect of weight and height on a person’s body mass index (BMI).

Answer 1

A study that looks at students’ college GPAs and how they are affected by the students’number of weekly study hours, high school GPA, and number of weekly hours of extra-curricular activities.

In this case Dependent Variable is GPAs and Independent Variable is  number of weekly hours of extra-curricular activities, high schoolGPA nad Weekly study hours. ..

Comment : -Theres is positive relation between GPAs and weekly study hours,.

-There is Negative relationship between these two variables. Spending more hours on extra curriclar activities lead less GPA.

b] She collects data on the number of strikes thrown in a pitched game, the average number of practice pitches per day in the week leading up to a game, the number of hours spent working with her coach the week before the game, and the time spent warming up right before the game.

Dependent Variable is improvement in pitches

Independent variable is (i) the average number of practice pitches per day in the week leading up to a game, (II)

the number of hours spent working with her coach the week before the game,

iii) and the time spent warming up right before the game.

As we can see there will be positive relation bvetween improvement in pitches and the average number of practice pitches per day in the week

As we can see there might be positive relation between improvement in pitches and the number of hours spent working with her coach the week before the game.

As we can see there might be positive relation between improvement in pitches and the time spent warming up right before the game..

c] A researcher proposes to study the effect of weight and height on a person’s body mass index (BMI).

Dependent Variable: weight

Independent Variable is Height