I need report about( Lighting pollution) with detail..please use good hand write..

An electron is one of the most fundamental particles in nature. It is everywhere, in all the matter we can see, and it is with electrons that light interacts when it is emitted, absorbed, or scattered in everyday matter. The electron has a more massive cousin called a muon, also with a charge of -1 e, but with a mass of 1.88x10-28 kg. The electron's mass is 9.11x10-31 kg. You can see why a muon is called a "heavy" electron. A muon is also unstable, and left alone at rest in a lab it will turn into an electron, kinetic energy, and two neutrinos with a lifetime of 2.20x10-6 s.

1. Suppose we have a vacuum with two metal plates separated by 2 meters. One of the plates has a hole in it so that a charged particle coming from the other one can pass through into empty space. The plate with a hole is attached to a voltage source of 5,000,000 V and electrons and muons are introduced near the other plate at 0 V. What energies and velocities do the electrons and muons have when they pass through the hole?

2. If an electron or a muon encounters a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the line the particle is moving on, is their path changed? If so how does it depend on whether it is an electron or muon, and if not, why not?

3. Using an accelerator or some other natural phenomenon, suppose that you could observe a muon traveling through your lab at 0.999 times the speed of light. How long would it take to decay?

5. Consider a particle in a two-dimensional, rigid, square box with side a. (a) Find the time independent wave function φ(x,y)describing an arbitrary energy eigenstate. (b)What are the energy eigenvalues and the quantum numbers for the three lowest eigenstates? Draw the energy level diagram

Extra problem: The basis of the l = 1 Hilbert space in the (L², L_z) representation are Y₁₁(θ, φ), Y₁₀(θ, φ), Y_1-1(θ, φ).

(1) Find the matrix expressions of L_x, L_y and L_z. Hint: make use of L₊ and L_-.

(2) Suppose the system is in a normalized state Ψ = c₁Y₁₁ +c₂Y₁₀. Find the possible values and corresponding possibilities when measuring L_z, L², and L_x, respectively.

Suppose a sled passenger with total mass 51 kg is pushed 26 m across the snow (μk = 0.20) at constant velocity by a force directed 37° below the horizontal. (a) Calculate the work of the applied force (in J).

(a)

Calculate the work of the applied force (in J).

(b)

Calculate the work of friction (in J).

(c)

Calculate the total work (in J).

I have the answers for this problem from a key, the answers are 3060, -3060, and 0 for a, b, and c respectively.

I have no clue how to get those answers.

Use well labeled diagrams to explain the following two phenomena: the first is that at sunset (or sunrise) the sun appears to be much redder than at mid-day, the second involves the pattern of polarization of the sky when the sun is about to set. Where is the sky most polarized? What orientation is this polarization and why?

Heat transfer

in a test in a double tube heat exchanger the following data are obtained
For hot fluid
Flow = 11.6 gal / sec
Outlet temperature = 30.1 ° C
Inlet temperature = 32 ° C
For cold fluid
Flow 11gal / min
Outlet temperature 25.1 ° C
Inlet temperature 24.2 ° C

For the fluid consider
k = 0.49 w / mK
cp = 3729.95 J / kgK
Prandtl number = 14.29
Density = 1035.02kg / m3

Get:
1) the interior and exterior convection coefficient
2) The heat transferred and the average log temperature
3) Area

Explain your procedure as widely as possible.

You're the operator of a 1.70

Discuss the big bang theory of the universe:

Why do we believe the Universe had a beginning?

What is the evidence that the Universe is expanding?

What is dark energy and how is that related to what the Universe looks like and what will happen to it in the future.

What is inflation?

How does Einstein’s theory of General Relativity fit into this?

Is this changing our view of our place in the cosmos as drastically as the Heliocentric theory changed?

What is the multiverse theory and how does it fit into religion?

What is Zener Diode?