1. Explain one way in which the ATR spectrum of octanoic acid is different from the transmission mode spectrum.

2. How does ATR gives a more accurate result than Transmission FTIR?

3. Explain why the baseline (IR spectrum) is not 100% T for the KBr pellet and the Nujol mull spectra of benzoic acid.

What are the physics principles involved in making a pair of polarized sunglasses?

An electric vehicle starts from rest and accelerates at a rate of 2.1 m/s2 in a straight line until it reaches a speed of 17 m/s. The vehicle then slows at a constant rate of 1.1 m/s2 until it stops. (a) How much time elapses from start to stop? (b) How far does the vehicle move from start to stop? solve both a b show units

A rocket is launched at an angle of 53.0° above the horizontal with an initial speed of 103 m/s. The rocket moves for 3.00 s along its initial line of motion with an acceleration of 28.0 m/s². At this time, its engines fail and the rocket proceeds to move as a projectile.

(a) Find the maximum altitude reached by the rocket. (m)

(b) Find its total time of flight. (s)

(c) Find its horizontal range. (m)

5. (IB) An ideal gas at an initial pressure of 4.0 × 105 Pa is expanded isothermally from a volume of 3.0 m3 to a volume of 5.0 m3.
a) Calculate the final pressure of the gas.
b) On graph paper, sketch a graph to show the variation with volume V of the pressure p during this expansion. c) Use the sketch graph in (b) to:
(i) estimate the work done by the gas during this process
(ii) explain why less work would be done if the gas were to expand adiabatically from the same initial state to the same final volume.

(a) Have you ever visited an amusement park and taken a ride on a parachute drop ride? These types of rides take the passengers to a great height, and then drop them in free fall. Before they hit the ground, the ride is slowed using a Lenz’s law mechanism thus avoiding certain death. For this discussion, first locate a photo of one of these rides (either one you’ve personally experienced or one you might like to try someday), and in your initial post, upload the photo and respond to the following:

• Explain how Lenz’s law applies to this situation.
• Why is the Lenz’s law mechanism ideal for such a use?
• What other mechanisms can be used to slow the descent? Compare and contrast these options with the Lenz’s law mechanism.

(b) As you have learned, an electromagnet is a magnet that is produced by electric current. Think about how electromagnets are used and what you have seen or heard of them being used for. In your initial discussion post, respond to the following:

• Which of the principles or laws discussed in this module explain how an electromagnet works?
• Describe in detail two modern applications of electromagnets. Do these electromagnets draw a large amount of current or a little? How do you know? What supplies that current?
• Why do you think electromagnets are used in these different ways?
• What is the advantage of using an electromagnet rather than a permanent magnet?

(i)How much negative charge and how much positive charge are there on the electrons and the protons in a cup of water (0.25 kg)? Note Avogadro’s number is NA = 6.022 × 1023, and each oxygen atom has 8 electrons. (ii) What is the magnitude of the attractive force exerted by the electrons in a cup of water on the protons in a second cup of water at a distance of 10 m?

Given an infinite sheet of charge occupying the x-y plane such that the charge density is constant and uniform, find the electric field at any point on the z-axis by:

A) Using the point charge formula for the electric field directly in cartesian coordinates.

B) Using the point charge formula for the electric field directly in cylindrical coordinates.

C) Using the point charge formula for potential in cylindrical coordinates and taking the gradient.

DO NOT USE GAUSS'S LAW

1. Briefly describe three different sound processing schemes used to modify received sound signals before they are sent to a cochlear implant.

Find (a)the magnitude and (b) direction of the weakest electric field that can bring the proton uniformly to rest over a distance of 3.40 cm .

a. E =___N/C

b.∘ counterclockwise from the left direction

c. How much time does it take the proton to stop after entering the field?

d. What minimum field ((a)magnitude and (b)direction) would be needed to stop an electron under the conditions of part (a)?

∘ counterclockwise from the left direction

Briefly explain the diffraction of a circular aperture. Draw a rough sketch showing a circular aperture and the fringes on the screen. What type of fringes do you expect? Is the central fringe bright or dark?

A 0.74-m aluminum bar is held with its length parallel to the east-west direction and dropped from a bridge. Just before the bar hits the river below, its speed is 25 m/s, and the emf induced across its length is 7.9 x 10^-4 V. Assuming the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field at the location of the bar points directly north, (a) determine the magnitude of the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field, and (b) state whether the east end or the west end of the bar is positive.

compare the intensity of a 100 W light bulb while you are reading a book to the intensity of the sun. what assumptions were made ?

a.) A particular patch of a vegetable oil (n=1.30) floating in water (n=1.33) is 530 nm thick. What is the longest wavelength which will undergo constructive interference on reflecting from the surface?

b). For a particular application, you want to apply an anti-reflective coating to glasses which will minimize reflection of green light with a wavelength of 550 nm. The index of refraction is ncoat= 1.30, and it will be applied on glass with index of refraction of nglass= 1.50. If you want the coating to be as thin as possible, how thick should be?