Question

1. Please read the numbered line story below. Based upon your knowledge and understanding of anatomy and physiology as presented in this course, please provide comprehensive responses to each question presented.
   1. In one terrifying second the lights in the expansive basement file room went dark.
   2. The young file clerk was instantly disoriented—unable to even see her hand in front of her face.
   3. She waited a few long seconds and she was finally able to make out the shadowy outlines of file cabinets.
   4. She then became aware of strange noises around her.
   5. Tried as she did, she was unable to discern the source of the noises or even what they were.
   6. She decided that she had to find her way out of the shadowy basement.
   7. Though she could not see her feet, she carefully put one foot in front of the other and began to walk,
   8. Her arms outstretched to avoid bumping into the filing cabinets, she slowly worked her way through the maze of cabinets.
   9. As she continued her dark odyssey, she suddenly stopped.
   10. One of those unrecognizable noises sounded terribly familiar.
   11. The sound of labored breathing, dragging chains, and a gait characterized by a terribly dragging foot on the cold concrete floor, a low moaning growl, menacingly whispering her name.
   12. She is now outside in a thick forest.
   13. Running as fast as she can the sounds of chains and moaning racing behind her.
   14. Her heart is pounding, eyes wide, a heightened sense of terror begins to consume her but she continues to run.
   15. Her legs begin to ache.
   16. It is becoming harder and harder to keep up the pace.
   17. The menacing sounds of chains and moaning is getting closer and closer.
   18. Finally, she can run no more.
   19. She falls to the ground.
   20. As she is breathing heavily, gasping for air, the terrifying sounds of her pursuer get closer and closer.
   21. She feels vibration of the ground decrease as the monster seems to move away from her.
   22. She calms, she begins planning her next moves...but then the vibrations increase
   23. She braces herself for the worst. And then…
   24. her five year old son jumps onto the bed…”Mommy it’s time to get up!!”
   25. It was just a nightmare.

QUESTION 1

1. Please list and discuss the rationale for the underlined portion of line 20.

   QUESTION 2

2. Line 7 refers to the woman’s ability to functionally move her limbs even though she could not see. Please discuss the neurological specializations that make this possible.

   QUESTION 3

3. Please discuss the division of the peripheral nervous system most likely critically active in the underlined portion of line 22.

   QUESTION 4

4. Please describe the neural pathway (from PNS to CNS) that makes line 21 possible.

Answer 1

QUESTION 1

1. Please list and discuss the rationale for the underlined portion of line 20.

Sleep apnea causes narrowing of airways and reducing the oxygen level available for organs and ts functions. When there is increase in oxygen demand with exertion, breathe becomeharder. It makes the body to work harder to get more oxygen resulting in heavy breathing and gasping.

QUESTION 2

Line 7 refers to the woman’s ability to functionally move her limbs even though she could not see. Please discuss the neurological specializations that make this possible.

The connection beween motor function and cognition is the neurological specializations that make this possible mentioned in line 7. The consolidation of complex patterns of motor activity into the explicit memorytemporarily that can be converted to long-term implicit memory. It is also a characteristic of infancy.

QUESTION 3

Please discuss the division of the peripheral nervous system most likely critically active in the underlined portion of line 22.

Parasympathetic nervous system of ANS of the peripheral nervous system most likely critically active in the underlined portion of line 22. Parasympathetic nervous system helps to calm down after the ending of stressful situations.

QUESTION 4

Please describe the neural pathway (from PNS to CNS) that makes line 21 possible.

Both PNS and CNS work together to create a response to the stimuli and the state of being in the environment. The preganglionic neuron of the CNS synapses with a postganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system. CNS has brain and spinal cord as the comment station which mediate the instructions via motor nerves to both visceral and sensory organs.