In: Chemistry
. Draw a block flow diagram for a petroleum refinery that includes three different separation processes, five different conversion processes along with one or more finishing processes, and one supporting process to produce altogether nine commercial fuels and materials from a sour crude oil. Clearly label all the feedstocks, processes, and products on your diagram including the type of process (separation, conversion, finishing, and support) and the intermediate products. Make sure that all processes are correctly connected. Write down the principal objectives of this refinery.
refining of petroleum:
refining of petroleum is done in different stages.
Details of fractions obtained on fractional distillation
Name of the fraction | Boiling range | Approximate Carbon Composition |
uncondensed gas | < 30 oC | C1 to C4 |
Petroleum ether | 30-70oC | C5 to C7 |
Gasoline or Petrol | 40-120 oC | C5 to C9 |
Naptha or solvent spirit | 120-180 oC | C9 to C10 |
kerosene oil | 180-250oC | C10 to C16 |
diesel oil | 250-320oC | C10 to C 18 |
Heavy oil | 320-240oC | C17 to C38 |
Residue | above 400oC | >C38 |