Question

In: Statistics and Probability

Birth weight and gestational age.  The Child Health and Development Studies considered pregnancies among women in the...

Birth weight and gestational age.  The Child Health and Development Studies considered pregnancies among women in the San Francisco East Bay area. Researchers took a random sample of 50 pregnancies and used statistical software to construct a linear regression model to predict a baby's birth weight in ounces using the gestation age (the number of days the mother was pregnant). A portion of the computer output and the scatter plot is shown below. Round all calculated results to four decimal places.

Coefficients Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
Intercept 14.2143 39.6523 0.3585 0.7216
gestation 0.3769 0.1428 2.6394 0.0112
---
Residual standard error: 16.1871 on 48 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared: 0.1267, Adjusted R-squared: 0.1086

1. Use the computer output to write the estimated regression equation for predicting birth weight from length of gestation.

Birth weight =  +  * gestation

2. Using the estimated regression equation, what is the predicted birth weight for a baby with a length of gestation of 278 days?

3. The recorded birth weight for a baby with a gestation of 278 days was 106 ounces. Complete the following sentence:

The residual for this baby is  . This means the birth weight for this baby is  ? higher than the same as lower than  the birth weight predicted by the regression model.

4. Complete the following sentence:

% of the variation in  ? Birth weight Gestation age Babies Pregnancy  can be explained by the linear relationship to  ? Birth weight Gestation age Babies Pregnancy .

Do the data provide evidence that gestational age is associated with birth weight? Conduct a t-test using the information given in the R output and the hypotheses

?0:?1=0H0:β1=0 vs. ??:?1≠0HA:β1≠0

3. Test statistic =

4. Degrees of freedom =

5. P-value =

6. Based on the results of this hypothesis test, there is  ? little evidence some evidence strong evidence very strong evidence extremely strong evidence  of a linear relationship between the explanatory and response variables.

7. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the slope, ?1β1. (  ,   )

Solutions

Expert Solution

1.

Estimated regression equation for predicting birth weight from length of gestation:

Birth weight = 14.2143 + (0.3769) * gestation

2.

Predicted value of y at x = 278

ŷ = 14.2143 + (0.3769) * 278 = 118.9925

3.

Residual = y - ŷ = 106 - 118.9925 = -12.9925

The residual for this baby is -12.9925. This means the birth weight for this baby is Lower than the birth weight predicted by the regression model.

4.

12.67 % of the variation in Birth weight can be explained by the linear relationship to Gestation age.

--

H0: β1 = 0 vs. HA: β1 ≠ 0

3. Test statistic = 2.6394

4. Degrees of freedom = 48

5. P-value = 0.0112

6. Based on the results of this hypothesis test, there is strong evidence of a linear relationship between the explanatory and response variables.

7. Critical value, t_c = T.INV.2T(0.05, 48) = 2.0106

95% Confidence interval for slope:

Lower limit = b1 - tc*se(b1) = 0.3769 - 2.0106*0.1428 = 0.0898

Upper limit = b1 + tc*se(b1) = 0.3769 + 2.0106*0.1428 = 0.6640


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