Question

8. Draw a sperm and label the parts and give their functions.

9. Draw a graph showing how estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH fluctuate during the ovarian cycle. On the graph label the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle.

10. What is the function of the 4 hormones mentioned in #8? What structure makes each of these hormones?

Answer 1

8.Structure of sperm: The male body produces sperm for fertilize the ovum and to form zygote. The structure of sperm mainly composed of head, neck, middle piece and tail.

Head: The head of the human sperm is a flat structure containing nucleus (DNA, chromosome). The chromosome in the nucleus is haploid (n, 22X and 22Y). The initial part of the head is acrosome. acrosome contains hyaluronidase enzyme, which helps in the degradation of corona-radiata layers of ovum for fertilization.

Neck: The next part of the sperm after head is neck. In this part, two centroles are situated at a perpendicular position. This centriole helps in the formation of axial filament along its long axis.

Middle piece: After neck region, sperm have a middle piece , in which mitochondria are alinged spirally. This mitochondria helps for the generation of energy (ATP). This ATP used for the sperm motility and gives energy to the tail for swim. The most motile sperm will reach first to the ovum for fertilization. This power of motility comes from the energy production by mitochondria in the middle piece.

Tail: The last part of the sperm structure is tail. The tail helps sperm for reaching to egg. after deposition of sperm in the reproductive tract of the female, the tail become activated and started swiming in the reproductive tract for reaching to ovum as fast as possible.